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Filter by:37. babies under the gestational week are considered preterm babies, and babies between 32-37 gestational weeks are considered late preterm babies (WHO, 2023). Dec. While the preterm birth rate in the world is 10%, this rate is 13% in Turkey. The life rate of preterm babies has increased in recent years and they are subjected to many painful interventions for diagnosis, treatment and preventive purposes. At the time of birth, they experience painful interventions such as vitamin K, hepatitis B vaccine administration, heel blood collection. Painful interventions cause an increase in cortisol levels, resulting in impaired blood sugar in infants, impaired brain development, impaired growth and development (Akyildiz et al., 2023). In the short term, they may give signs of a decrease in oxygen saturation, an increase in heart rate, metabolic acidosis( Akcan et al., 2017). Procedural pain management is also important for the neurological development of preterm infants (Perg et al., 2018). For these reasons, the pain of the newborn due to interventional procedures should be managed well.
Background: Medicines called opioids are used to treat pain. The body also produces opioids. These are called endorphins. Researchers want to learn more about how these natural opioids work. This might lead to new therapies for conditions like depression, anxiety, and chronic pain. Objective: To determine how opioids affect how pleasant or unpleasant it feels when the skin is touched, compressed, or heated. Eligibility: Healthy right-handed adults ages 18-50. Design: Participants will be screened under another protocol. Participants will have 2 study visits with the same procedures, at least 1 day apart. Each visit will last 3-4 hours. Participants will wear shorts or change into scrubs so researchers can test on their legs. Participants will answer questions and have urine tests. Participants will have a brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan. The scanner is a metal cylinder in a strong magnetic field. Participants will lie on a table that slides in and out of the cylinder. A device called a coil will be placed over the head. During MRI, participants will have sensory testing. They will get several types of touch to the calf of the leg. These include gentle brushing of the skin, gentle compression of the calf with an inflation sleeve, and heat stimuli. Participants will have an intravenous line placed each day. They will get naloxone 1 day and saline the other day. Participants will not be told which they get. Naloxone is a drug that blocks opioid receptors. The MRI and sensory testing will then be repeated. After each stimuli block, participants will rate the sensations as well as their mood and calmness/anxiety.