Chlorhexidine Cloths to Reduce Surgical Site Infection in Cesarean Deliveries

Surgical Site Infection Clinical Trial

Official title:

Preoperative Chlorhexidine Cloths to Reduce Surgical Site Infection in Non-Scheduled Cesarean Deliveries

Clinical Trial Details — Status: Withdrawn

Administrative data

• NCT number: NCT04202471
• Other study ID #: 19-1040
• Status: Withdrawn
• Phase: N/A
• Start date: March 1, 2020
• Est. completion date: June 1, 2021

Study information

• Verified date: September 2020
• Source: Northwell Health
• Contact: n/a
• Is FDA regulated: No
• Study type: Interventional

Clinical Trial Summary

Pregnancy-associated infection represents a major cause of maternal morbidity and mortality. Cesarean delivery is the most common major surgical procedure and is associated with a rate of surgical site infection (SSI) that is approximately 5-10 times the rate for vaginal delivery. Efforts to reduce the risk of SSIs in this patient population include the use of preoperative antibiotic prophylaxis in addition to skin and vaginal antiseptic preparations.Nevertheless, the rate of SSI in women undergoing non-scheduled cesarean delivery is up to 18%, a significant number that contributes to prolonged hospital stays and increased health care costs.

Every effort should be made to reduce this major cause of pregnancy-associated morbidity and mortality to aid in the care of patients and reduce the associated prolonged hospital stays, readmission rates and health care costs. Studies have shown that preoperative application of chlorhexidine cloths reduces the risk of SSI, however this is based on literature in the orthopedic and intensive care patients. The efficacy of this intervention has not been studied in obstetric patients undergoing cesarean delivery. Furthermore, obstetric patients undergoing non-scheduled cesarean delivery represent a target population as it is thought that infectious morbidity is higher in this patient population. Therefore, there is a need for this trial to determine if this intervention is effective in reducing the rate of postoperative SSIs.

Description:

This randomized clinical trial will be investigating the use of preoperative chlorhexidine cloths, a chemical skin antiseptic agent effective on gram positive and gram negative bacteria, as an intervention to reduce the rate of surgical site infections (SSIs). The intervention group will be women undergoing non-scheduled cesarean delivery randomized to receive preoperative abdominal application of 2% chlorhexidine cloths. The control group will be women undergoing non-scheduled cesarean delivery randomized to receive standard preoperative care. The impact on women's health is significant, as a reduction in SSIs in this prevalent patient population can reduce the number of prolonged hospital stays, outpatient follow-ups for infection, hospital readmissions and health care costs.

Recruitment information / eligibility

• Status: Withdrawn
• Enrollment: 0
• Est. completion date: June 1, 2021
• Est. primary completion date: June 1, 2021
• Accepts healthy volunteers: Accepts Healthy Volunteers
• Gender: Female
• Age group: 18 Years to 50 Years

Eligibility

Inclusion Criteria:

• undergoing non-scheduled cesarean delivery > 23 weeks gestation

Exclusion Criteria:

• allergy to chlorhexidine, emergency cesarean delivery, evidence of infection at operative site

Related Conditions & MeSH terms

• Communicable Diseases
• Infection
• Surgical Site Infection
• Surgical Wound Infection

Intervention

Device:
• Chlorhexidine Cloth
2% chlorhexidine gluconate cloth

Locations

Country	Name	City	State
United States	North Shore University Hospital	Manhasset	New York

Sponsors (1)

Lead Sponsor	Collaborator
Northwell Health

Country where clinical trial is conducted

United States, 

References & Publications (18)

Ahmed MR, Aref NK, Sayed Ahmed WA, Arain FR. Chlorhexidine vaginal wipes prior to elective cesarean section: does it reduce infectious morbidity? A randomized trial. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med. 2017 Jun;30(12):1484-1487. doi: 10.1080/14767058.2016.1219996. Epub 2016 Sep 1. — View Citation

Boyce JM. Best products for skin antisepsis. Am J Infect Control. 2019 Jun;47S:A17-A22. doi: 10.1016/j.ajic.2019.03.012. Review. — View Citation

Carter EB, Temming LA, Fowler S, Eppes C, Gross G, Srinivas SK, Macones GA, Colditz GA, Tuuli MG. Evidence-Based Bundles and Cesarean Delivery Surgical Site Infections: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Obstet Gynecol. 2017 Oct;130(4):735-746. doi: 10.1097/AOG.0000000000002249. Review. — View Citation

Connery SA, Yankowitz J, Odibo L, Raitano O, Nikolic-Dorschel D, Louis JM. Effect of using silver nylon dressings to prevent superficial surgical site infection after cesarean delivery: a randomized clinical trial. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2019 Jul;221(1):57.e1-57.e7. doi: 10.1016/j.ajog.2019.02.053. Epub 2019 Mar 5. — View Citation

Darouiche RO, Wall MJ Jr, Itani KM, Otterson MF, Webb AL, Carrick MM, Miller HJ, Awad SS, Crosby CT, Mosier MC, Alsharif A, Berger DH. Chlorhexidine-Alcohol versus Povidone-Iodine for Surgical-Site Antisepsis. N Engl J Med. 2010 Jan 7;362(1):18-26. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa0810988. — View Citation

DeBaun B. Evaluation of the antimicrobial properties of an alcohol-free 2% chlorhexidine gluconate solution. AORN J. 2008 May;87(5):925-33. doi: 10.1016/j.aorn.2008.02.001. — View Citation

Dixon JM, Carver RL. Daily chlorohexidine gluconate bathing with impregnated cloths results in statistically significant reduction in central line-associated bloodstream infections. Am J Infect Control. 2010 Dec;38(10):817-21. doi: 10.1016/j.ajic.2010.06.005. — View Citation

Edmiston CE Jr, Krepel CJ, Seabrook GR, Lewis BD, Brown KR, Towne JB. Preoperative shower revisited: can high topical antiseptic levels be achieved on the skin surface before surgical admission? J Am Coll Surg. 2008 Aug;207(2):233-9. doi: 10.1016/j.jamcollsurg.2007.12.054. Epub 2008 May 23. — View Citation

Edmiston CE Jr, Seabrook GR, Johnson CP, Paulson DS, Beausoleil CM. Comparative of a new and innovative 2% chlorhexidine gluconate-impregnated cloth with 4% chlorhexidine gluconate as topical antiseptic for preparation of the skin prior to surgery. Am J Infect Control. 2007 Mar;35(2):89-96. — View Citation

Kapadia BH, Elmallah RK, Mont MA. A Randomized, Clinical Trial of Preadmission Chlorhexidine Skin Preparation for Lower Extremity Total Joint Arthroplasty. J Arthroplasty. 2016 Dec;31(12):2856-2861. doi: 10.1016/j.arth.2016.05.043. Epub 2016 May 31. — View Citation

Kapadia BH, Johnson AJ, Daley JA, Issa K, Mont MA. Pre-admission cutaneous chlorhexidine preparation reduces surgical site infections in total hip arthroplasty. J Arthroplasty. 2013 Mar;28(3):490-3. doi: 10.1016/j.arth.2012.07.015. Epub 2012 Oct 29. — View Citation

Kuyyakanond T, Quesnel LB. The mechanism of action of chlorhexidine. FEMS Microbiol Lett. 1992 Dec 15;100(1-3):211-5. — View Citation

Moulton LJ, Munoz JL, Lachiewicz M, Liu X, Goje O. Surgical site infection after cesarean delivery: incidence and risk factors at a US academic institution. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med. 2018 Jul;31(14):1873-1880. doi: 10.1080/14767058.2017.1330882. Epub 2017 Jun 8. — View Citation

Popovich KJ, Hota B, Hayes R, Weinstein RA, Hayden MK. Effectiveness of routine patient cleansing with chlorhexidine gluconate for infection prevention in the medical intensive care unit. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 2009 Oct;30(10):959-63. doi: 10.1086/605925. — View Citation

Shree R, Park SY, Beigi RH, Dunn SL, Krans EE. Surgical Site Infection following Cesarean Delivery: Patient, Provider, and Procedure-Specific Risk Factors. Am J Perinatol. 2016 Jan;33(2):157-64. doi: 10.1055/s-0035-1563548. Epub 2015 Sep 7. — View Citation

Springel EH, Wang XY, Sarfoh VM, Stetzer BP, Weight SA, Mercer BM. A randomized open-label controlled trial of chlorhexidine-alcohol vs povidone-iodine for cesarean antisepsis: the CAPICA trial. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2017 Oct;217(4):463.e1-463.e8. doi: 10.1016/j.ajog.2017.05.060. Epub 2017 Jun 7. — View Citation

Tuuli MG, Liu J, Stout MJ, Martin S, Cahill AG, Odibo AO, Colditz GA, Macones GA. A Randomized Trial Comparing Skin Antiseptic Agents at Cesarean Delivery. N Engl J Med. 2016 Feb 18;374(7):647-55. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1511048. Epub 2016 Feb 4. — View Citation

Zywiel MG, Daley JA, Delanois RE, Naziri Q, Johnson AJ, Mont MA. Advance pre-operative chlorhexidine reduces the incidence of surgical site infections in knee arthroplasty. Int Orthop. 2011 Jul;35(7):1001-6. doi: 10.1007/s00264-010-1078-5. Epub 2010 Jun 20. — View Citation

* Note: There are 18 references in all — Click here to view all references

Outcome

Type	Measure	Description	Time frame	Safety issue
Primary	Rate of surgical site infection		Up to 6 weeks after cesarean delivery
Secondary	Hospital length of stay		Up to 6 weeks after cesarean delivery
Secondary	Number of office visits		Up to 6 weeks after cesarean delivery
Secondary	Number of hospital readmissions for infection-related complications		Up to 6 weeks after cesarean delivery
Secondary	Rate of endometritis		Up to 6 weeks after cesarean delivery
Secondary	Rate of positive wound culture from wound		Up to 6 weeks after cesarean delivery