Study for Antibiotic Impregnated Calcium Sulfate Beads as Prophylaxis for Surgical Site Infection

Surgical Site Infection Clinical Trial

Official title:

Pilot Study for Antibiotic Impregnated Calcium Sulfate Beads as Prophylaxis for Surgical Site Infection in Vascular Surgery Patients

Clinical Trial Details — Status: Recruiting

Administrative data

• NCT number: NCT03308253
• Other study ID #: Antimicrobial Beads
• Status: Recruiting
• Phase: Phase 4
• Start date: July 16, 2018
• Est. completion date: July 2019

Study information

• Verified date: July 2018
• Source: McMaster University
• Contact: Steven Phillips, MSc
• Phone: 905-521-2100
• Email: phills3[@]mcmaster.ca
• Is FDA regulated: No
• Study type: Interventional

Clinical Trial Summary

The CDC quotes a rate of wound infection of 2-5% for inpatient surgery. Patients undergoing a vascular operation, however, are generally at an increased risk of wound infection with rates often close to 5-10%. Groin incisions are an additional risk factor for surgical site infections, with rates of wound infection being quoted from 10-15%, and even as high as 30% in high risk patients. The use of implantable calcium sulfate beads mixed with antibiotics may help to lower the rate of infection in these high risk patients.

Description:

The initial pilot will consist of 30 patients per arm and will provide estimates of effect size, event rates, and recruitment rates. It will mirror the final study in terms of methodology. This will occur at the Hamilton General Hospital (Hamilton, ON. Canada)

Patients will be randomized to either the exposure group or control group by the study coordinator. Patients will be block randomized among surgeons (6), so that each surgeon has an equal number of patients in the control and exposure arms. Randomization will occur once an operative date has been booked for a patient. The arm they are assigned to will be how the patient is treated, regardless of if they are cancelled and re-booked. Should patients be done as an emergency procedure, prior to their index procedure (when the beads would be implanted), they will be excluded from the study. As no intervention has occurred at this point, there will be no informative loss to follow-up or censoring and therefore this will not impact validity of the design. We are unable to provide beads for emergency procedures, as the research pharmacy is not open.

The research coordinator will inform the research pharmacy to produce calcium sulfate beads impregnated with Vancomycin (1g) and Tobramycin (240mg) for the exposure arm. The control arm will receive standard care. The only difference between standard care and the treatment arm is the use of the antibiotic calcium sulfate beads. Beads will be delivered in a sterile manner to the OR. For each patient half of a standard 10cc kit will be delivered (5cc of Stimulan Calcium Sulfate). As the beads are being applied only to a groin incision(s) this will provide an adequate volume of beads. It will also prevent insertion of excess beads.

Surgeons will insert the beads loosely within the soft tissue of groin incisions, so as not to distort the normal anatomy. This technique will be discussed with all surgeons prior to pilot initiation as a group. This will aim to standardize the method among involved surgeons. At the end of the study we will complete a focus group with surgeons to discuss their experience using the beads to better inform the protocol for the final RCT. Patients are randomized as a unit and therefore, if there are bilateral groin incisions, both will be treated as per their randomization.

Patients will be blinded to which treatment they receive. The beads are believed to be non-detectable to the patient. Only by means of wound dehiscence would a patient be expected to determine their treatment group. For practical reasons the surgeon cannot be blinded to treatment. Nurse assessors and study authors conducting review of patient records will be blinded to patient treatment.

Patients will be recruited from all patients consented for an included procedure at HGH. A study coordinator or a resident will obtain consent. The patient's primary physician will not be involved in the consent process.

Recruitment information / eligibility

• Status: Recruiting
• Enrollment: 60
• Est. completion date: July 2019
• Est. primary completion date: June 2019
• Accepts healthy volunteers: No
• Gender: All
• Age group: 18 Years and older

Eligibility

Inclusion Criteria:

• Men and women aged > 18

• Undergoing a revascularization procedure involving the femoral artery and requiring either unilateral or bilateral groin incision

• BMI > 30

• Presence of one of the following: current smoker, diabetes requiring pharmacologic intervention, previous re-vascularization procedure

Exclusion Criteria:

• Any patient with a current infection or requiring ongoing use of antibiotics

• Any patient who otherwise has an indication requiring the use of antibiotic impregnated material

• Known allergy or sensitivity to tobramycin or vancomycin

• Grade 4 or 5 chronic kidney disease

• Moderate or severe hypercalcemia

• Any woman currently pregnant or planning on becoming pregnant during the course of the study

• Any patient involved in another study that, in the investigators opinion, is believed will interfere with the study

Related Conditions & MeSH terms

• Communicable Diseases
• Infection
• Surgical Site Infection
• Surgical Wound Infection

Intervention

Device:
• Stimulan Rapid Cure
Calcium sulfate dissolvable beads

Drug:
• Vancomycin
0.5 g Vancomycin per patient
• Tobramycin
120 mg tobramycin per patient

Other:
• Standard of Care
Standard of care provided at Hamilton General Hospital consisting of dressings for the wound.

Locations

Country	Name	City	State
Canada	Hamilton General Hospital	Hamilton	Ontario

Sponsors (1)

Lead Sponsor	Collaborator
McMaster University

Country where clinical trial is conducted

Canada, 

Outcome

Type	Measure	Description	Time frame	Safety issue
Primary	Surgical Site Infection	The primary outcome will be combined, superficial, deep or organ/space infection as defined by the CDC. The CDC definition for surgical site infection is one of the most widely used and is both the NSQUIP and NHSN definition.	30 days
Secondary	Wound Complication Rate	Wound complications will be defined as: wound dehiscence, skin edge necrosis, hematoma, seroma, increased wound exudate, graft exposure. These will be measured with a standardized form, by the blinded nurse assessor, at each follow-up appointment. They will additionally be assessed by the author reviewing patient records at thirty days. If imaging is required for diagnosis of hematoma or seroma, the result will be collected from the imaging records, and treated as consistent with the conclusions of the formal imaging report.	30 day
Secondary	Surgical Graft Infection Rate	Graft infection is defined as; diagnosis by surgeon or surgical designate requiring re-operation or prolonged course of antibiotic therapy. An author blinded to patient treatment will review the records of the patient including patient charts, antibiotic prescriptions, home care and ID referrals and record the information in a standardized form for this endpoint.	90 day
Secondary	Bacterial Resistance	In the event of infection requiring laboratory samples, screening for resistant bacteria will be performed. Bacterial cultures will be performed in order to determine the presence of tobramycin or vancomycin resistant strains.	30 day