View clinical trials related to Substance Abuse.
Filter by:The purpose of this study is to improve the efficacy of modafinil as a potential treatment for cocaine dependence.
This project is aimed at parents with a teenager who is already starting to use drugs. The study will test a new, innovative version of a brief intervention. This program will be home based rather than implemented by a counselor in a clinical setting. The stage I activities will involve manual development, parent training development, and a small feasibility study; Stage II involves an efficacy study. Two samples, 110 families each, will participate in the trial. Families will be assigned to either an intervention or control condition. The investigators hypothesize that the home-based intervention will be superior to the control condition. In addition, the investigators expect response to the intervention by the adolescent to be mediated by motivation, cognitions, problem solving, peer drug use, parenting skills and parent self-efficacy.
Given the reciprocal nature of parent-child interaction, involvement of the adolescent in their mother's substance abuse treatment plan might be associated with reductions in adult relapse and improvements in child functioning. These findings would support the assertion that focus on family dynamics in substance abuse treatment programs is an effective use of resources and an important target of intervention efforts. One hundred eighty-three substance abusing mothers and their child (n=61 assigned to each condition) will receive treatment as usual (TAU) and be randomly assigned to 1) Ecologically-based family therapy (EBFT) conducted in the home or 2) Ecologically-based family therapy conducted at the treatment center, or 3) an attention control, Women's Health Education (WHE). In order to examine the endurance of treatment effects, this project will assess the parent and child at 3, 6, 12, and 18 months post-baseline. Hypotheses 1. It is expected that 1) mothers and children assigned to home and office based family therapy will show greater reductions in substance use and improvement in individual and family functioning at post-treatment compared to those in the attention control, and 2) those assigned to home-based family therapy will show greater reductions in substance use and improved individual and family functioning at post-treatment compared to those assigned to office-based family therapy. 2. It is expected that 1) those assigned to home or office based family therapy will continue to maintain improvements in substance use, individual and family domains over time (time by treatment interaction) compared to those assigned to the attention control and 2) those assigned to home-based family therapy will continue to maintain improvements in substance use, individual and family domains over time (time by treatment interaction) compared to those assigned to office-based family therapy. 3. It is hypothesized that improved family interaction skills will mediate substance use, individual and family outcomes. 4. It is expected that EBFT in the home and EBFT in the office will be more cost effective than TAU, and that EBFT in the home will be more cost effective than EBFT in the office
Alcohol and drugs consumption are among the highest risk factor for health in Chile and abroad. In Chile, harmful use of alcohol continues to be a major contributor to the burden of disease while lost years of healthy life are higher than many other risk factors such as hypertension, overweight and obesity, and hyperglycemia. It is important to say that the impact of alcohol consumption is greater in younger age groups where fatal injuries occur relatively early in life, as well. In Chile, the consumption pattern in 2008 showed that 49.8 % consumed at least once in the last month for alcohol, 3.5 % for marihuana and 1.3 % for cocaine. This prevalence was even greater in young adults and adolescents and is associated with other mental health issues and poorer life quality. Those who have consumed marihuana during the last year, 25% report dependence symptoms. For cocaine derives, dependency rises up to 50% among the consumers. This data reinforce the need to design and implement strategies for reducing alcohol and drugs consumption in our population. Also, it is well known that a high number of those who suffers from any addiction problem do not get attention in a specialized center. The are many barriers to do so, such as lack of motivation, lack of resources, social problems, access to care problems, and so on. Chile has a shortage of preventive interventions for those at risk to develop an addiction at an early stage of substance use because front line health services (Primary health care and emergency care) and other social services (police stations, local justice courts) do not have a screening system and a model of brief intervention. The Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, through its Addiction Studies Center (CEDA UC) and its Department of Family Medicine, is working in conjunction with SENDA (Servicio Nacional para la Prevención y Rehabilitación del Consumo de Drogas y Alcohol ) to design, implement and evaluate a communal system for early detection, brief intervention and referral to treatment (SBIRT), in people older than 18 years, with substance consumption in five municipalities in the country. The aid of this study is to demonstrate that a model of brief intervention is more effective than the approach currently used in patients with substance use at moderate risk (i.e.follow-up). It is a multicentric randomized controlled trial, single blind, with a group to receive brief intervention and a control group that is kept in control and waiting list being re-evaluated three months later. The target population is composed by users whose ASSIST screening scores place them in the moderate risk group, for which there has not been defined a structured intervention yet by our health system. The information will be obtained from the scores obtained after the application of the ASSIST-WHO questionnaire.
The purpose of this study is to observe parent-adolescent interactions and to examine the parenting behaviors and adolescent emotional and physiological responses that are associated with youth's substance use.
The primary purpose of the study is to determine the effects of treatment with varenicline (1 and 2 mg daily), compared to treatment with placebo, on methamphetamine-induced craving and subjective effects in methamphetamine-dependent human volunteers.
Methamphetamine (MA) is a psychostimulant drug with high abuse potential. MA can be smoked, snorted, injected or ingested orally to produce a release of high levels of dopamine into the brain and reduction of dopamine uptake. Its use results in feelings of pleasure, increased energy, and greater alertness lasting up to 12 hours. In 2010, the National Survey on Drug Use and Health reported that 353,000 Americans aged 12 or older reported being current MA users. Over the past decade MA use rates have fluctuated with current use rates on the decline; however, importantly, even though overall use rates are declining, use rates among males and females are approaching equal proportions. This use rate pattern is unlike other drugs of abuse, which typically demonstrate males using more than females. In some states, more females than males consider MA as their drug of choice. Namely, in a 2010 report in the state of Utah, more females were diagnosed with MA as a primary substance of abuse than males upon admission to treatment. Depression and MA use are highly comorbid. The relationship between MA use and depression is likely bidirectional, with MA use causing changes in mood and being used as a self-medicating behavior to reduce symptoms of depression. Several studies have shown that depression rates are higher in MA-using females compared to their male counterparts. It is likely that neurobiological and psychosocial mechanisms contribute to increased incidence of depressive symptoms in females. No clear treatment model exists to suggest how the comorbidity of depression and MA use is best managed. In studies of antidepressants for treatment of MA withdrawal and dependence, findings have suggested that antidepressants are ineffective for treating depressive symptoms. Creatine is an organic acid occurring naturally in vertebrates, where it takes part in energy homeostasis in tissues with fluctuating energy demands. Exogenous creatine has been shown to increase brain concentrations of PCr. Neuroimaging studies of creatine have shown increased brain phosphocreatine (PCr) content with creatine administration. Therefore, we hypothesize that oral creatine administration will increase PCr levels and reduce depressive symptoms in a sample of depressed female MA users. This hypothesis will be tested by a within subjects design by giving depressed MA using females oral creatine for eight weeks and measuring PCr pre- and post-treatment with magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Moreover, depressive symptoms will be measured by administration of the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale twice weekly during the course of creatine treatment.
The investigators seek to develop a more efficient and effective approach to providing brief behavioral health interventions for risky substance use behaviors by comparing a brief coach directed intervention to a tailored report only group.
This study compares the effects of standard HIV test, treat and retain (TTR) practices with TTR plus a woman-focused enhanced strategy--Women's Health CoOp (WHC+) intervention) targeting hard-to-reach and vulnerable alcohol and other drug (AOD)-using women to determine if the WHC+ intervention is more efficacious than TTR alone in reducing HIV risk behavior. Additionally, the study will determine whether HIV positive women in the WHC+ arm are more likely to follow through with referrals for further medical evaluation and linkages to HIV treatment and other care than women in the TTR arm.
The lack of substance screening and referral in healthcare settings is a significant problem with far-reaching consequences, including excess morbidity, premature mortality, and inflated healthcare costs. An easy to use, time-efficient referral system is needed to address this problem. The Substance Treatment Referral Systems (STaRS), a computer assisted screening and referral system, was developed to meet this need. STaRS Phase I demonstrated the feasibility of STaRS to meet this need. All aims and evaluation goals of the Phase I study were met or exceeded. The purpose of the Phase II research is to demonstrate the clinical utility and commercial viability of STaRS. Specific Aims of Phase II are: 1. Integrate STaRS with the Epic electronic health record used in the Cooper Health System in Camden, N.J. 2. Document STaRS' effectiveness in (a) increasing the number of referrals provided for substance abuse treatment and HIV screening, and (b) increasing the proportion of patients that initiate specialty treatment. 3. Evaluate clinician acceptance and impact upon revenue generation. The research will be conducted at Cooper Family Medicine (CFM) department of Cooper University Hospital in New Jersey. We will determine the rate of referrals and treatment initiation for 3,500 adult patients treated during treatment as usual (the time before STaRS is implemented at CFM) as well as 3,500 adult patients treated after the introduction of STaRS. Patients will be asked about the referral initiation process, and CFM healthcare providers will be asked to evaluate the system from a clinical and administrative prospective. Finally, billing records will be reviewed during the STaRS implementation to determine whether STaRS impacted revenue for the practices.