Stress Clinical Trial
Official title:
Effect of Mindfulness-Based Intervention on Endurance Performance Under Pressure and Performance-Relevant Mental Attributes an Interdisciplinary Perspective
The primary aim of this study is to conduct a well-designed trial to investigate the effect of an MBI program entitled Mindfulness-based Peak Performance (MBPP) on endurance performance under pressure from an interdisciplinary approach of sport psychology, sports training, and cognitive neuroscience. The secondary aim is to examine the effect of MBPP program on performance-relevant mental attributes in behavioral and neurocognitive assessments. The present study hypothesizes that the MBPP and self-talk groups will improve performance under pressure, but MBPP is expected to show greater improvement than ST. Additionally, we expect the MBPP will improve the relevant mental attributes.
Status | Recruiting |
Enrollment | 90 |
Est. completion date | July 31, 2024 |
Est. primary completion date | July 31, 2024 |
Accepts healthy volunteers | Accepts Healthy Volunteers |
Gender | All |
Age group | 18 Years to 30 Years |
Eligibility | Inclusion Criteria: - Aged between 18 and 30 years - Normal or corrected-to-normal 20/20 vision - No red-green color blindness - Able to speak and read Chinese - Physical Activity Readiness Questionnaire (PAR-Q) score = 0 - With one of the designated sport proficiencies (i.e., middle-long running, marathon, triathlon) - No previous major experience in mindfulness-related training (e.g., meditation or Tai Chi) - Provide informed consent Exclusion Criteria: - Diagnosed or self-reported cognitive problems - The diagnosed or self-reported physical disease (e.g., untreated hypertension and chronic heart disease, stroke, brain tumor, musculoskeletal disorders, other exercise contradictions) - Diagnosed or self-reported major psychiatric illness (e.g., major depression, schizophrenia) - History of alcohol or drug abuse - Unwillingness to be randomized to one of the three groups - Currently participating in another study trial |
Country | Name | City | State |
---|---|---|---|
Taiwan | Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, National Taiwan Normal University | Taipei |
Lead Sponsor | Collaborator |
---|---|
National Taiwan Normal University |
Taiwan,
Type | Measure | Description | Time frame | Safety issue |
---|---|---|---|---|
Primary | Endurance performance: Change in time to exhaustion | Time to exhaustion (TTE) will be one of the measured variables of endurance performance and be evaluated via a graded exercise test (GXT) on a motor-driven treadmill. | 30 minutes each at the Baseline-Assessment and at the Post-Assessment | |
Primary | Endurance performance: Change in maximum oxygen consumption | Maximum oxygen consumption (VO2max) will be one of the measured variables of endurance performance and be evaluated via a computerized indirect calorimetry system throughout the whole graded exercise test (GXT) on a motor-driven treadmill. | 30 minutes each at the Baseline-Assessment and at the Post-Assessment | |
Primary | Endocrine stress responses | Before and after pressure manipulation, and after endurance performance measure, stress responses of endocrine assessments will be assessed. Specifically, salivary cortisol (sCort) and salivary alpha-amylases (sAA) will be collected using the commercially available sampling devices. | 1 minutes for each sampling | |
Primary | Subjective stress responses | The participants' subjective perception of stress will be assessed via the Chinese version of the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (C-STAI) (Wang and Chung, 2016) modified from the original version of STAI (Spielberger et al., 1971). The state subscale of the STAI will be the index of state anxiety influenced by pressure manipulation. | 5 minutes for each assessment | |
Primary | Change in emotion regulation | The Chinese version of the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (C-DERS) modified from DERS (Gratz and Roemer, 2004) will be used to assess emotional regulation. C-DERS is a 36-item self-reported questionnaire to measure the six facets of emotional regulation (i.e., awareness, clarity, impulse, goal, non-acceptance, and strategies). Items are rated on a 5-point Likert scale from 1 (almost never) to 5 (almost always). | 10 minutes each at the Baseline-Assessment and at the Post-Assessment | |
Primary | Engagement | Participants' engagement will be an adherence score calculated by addition of the Z scores for overall participant attendance of MBPP/ST sessions and a Z score for overall participant minutes spent on home practice, then divided by the total Z scores. Researchers will record the attendance of each participant in MBPP or ST programs. | 5 minutes at the Post-Assessment | |
Primary | Executive function: Change in reaction time | The executive function in terms of reaction time will be assessed by the computerized Stroop Test. The types of trials are the three Chinese color words printed in one of the three types of color. Based on the combination of words and the pixels of the color, there are three types of trials: (1) congruent trials: the stimuli in which the color of the word corresponds to the semantic meaning of the word; (2) incongruent trials: the stimuli in which the paint color of the word is inconsistent with the semantic meaning of the word; and (3) neutral trials: the colored squared. | 30 minutes each at the Baseline-Assessment and at the Post-Assessment | |
Primary | Executive function: Change in accuracy | The executive function in terms of accuracy will also be assessed by the computerized Stroop Test. The types of trials are the three Chinese color words printed in one of the three types of color. Based on the combination of words and the pixels of the color, there are three types of trials: (1) congruent trials: the stimuli in which the color of the word corresponds to the semantic meaning of the word; (2) incongruent trials: the stimuli in which the paint color of the word is inconsistent with the semantic meaning of the word; and (3) neutral trials: the colored squared. | 30 minutes each at the Baseline-Assessment and at the Post-Assessment | |
Primary | Change in attention | The attention will be measured by event-related potential while Stroop Test. | 30 minutes each at the Baseline-Assessment and at the Post-Assessment | |
Primary | Change in brain resting state | The frequency domain of electroencephalography (EEG) will also be recorded during the resting state at baseline and post-intervention. | 8 minutes each at the Baseline-Assessment and at the Post-Assessment | |
Secondary | General dispositional mindfulness | The general dispositional mindfulness will be assessed by Chinese version of the Mindful Attention Awareness Scale (C-MAAS)(Chang et al., 2011), which is modified from the original Mindful Attention Awareness Scale (MAAS; Brown & Ryan, 2003). Higher scores reflect higher levels of general dispositional mindfulness. | 5 minutes each at the Baseline-Assessment and at the Post-Assessment | |
Secondary | Athletic dispositional mindfulness | Athletic mindfulness will be measured by the Athlete Mindfulness Questionnaire (AMQ; Zhang et al., 2017). Higher scores reflect higher levels of athletic dispositional mindfulness. | 5 minutes each at the Baseline-Assessment and at the Post-Assessment | |
Secondary | Athletic psychological skills | Athletic psychological skill levels will be assessed using the Athletic Psychological Skill Inventory (APSI) (Chiou and Chi, 2001), which is a modified Chinese version of Athletic Coping Skills Inventory-28 (ACSI-28; Smith et al., 1995). | 5 minutes each at the Baseline-Assessment and at the Post-Assessment |
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