View clinical trials related to Staphylococcus Aureus.
Filter by:Staphylococcus aureus is the most frequent cause of both healthcare-associated and community-acquired bloodstream infections worldwide. Infective endocarditis (IE) has been detected in 5-17% of cases and is a determinant of poor prognosis. The investigators developed a score (the VIRSTA score) based on patients' characteristics to rule out IE with high confidence (negative predictive value (NPV) above 99%) in patients with SAB. This score, with a cut-off of 3 has been externally validated by two international studies which have also established its high NPV. The 2023 European society of cardiology (ESC) guidelines state that echocardiography should be considered in all patients with Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia (SAB) using risk scores (including VIRSTA score) to guide the use or not of echocardiography. While recommended, the investigators think that VIRSTA score must be evaluated in terms of patients' outcome.
Staphylococcus aureus is an important pathogen causing a wide spectrum of infections . The organism usually colonizes the skin and mucous of humans and several animal species. Multiple body sites can be colonized in humans, however, the anterior nares of the nose are the most frequent carriage site for S. aureus. Other sites for carriage include the skin, perineum, and pharynx . It has been shown that there is an increased prevalence of staphylococcus infections, which may be attributed to its carriage in anterior nares and hands of health care workers and patients . The pathogenic mechanisms enabling S. aureus to cause serious infections could include: biofilm which protects organisms from host immune response; opsonophagocytosis and antimicrobial agents, thus leading to chronic and persistent infections. Antibiotic resistance associated with S.aureus infections is a great concern for the clinicians to prevent spread of infections. Methicillin was commonly used for these infections before the emergence of MRSA which is developed due to irrational use of antibiotics, prolonged hospital stay, nasal and hand carriage in health care staff. Also vancomycin, linezolid and mupirocin are used in treating infections,as well as decolonization of carriers . Mupirocin act by inhibiting the protein synthesis of bacteria by binding specifically to isoleucyl-tRNAsynthetase enzyme. The irrational use of Mupirocin among patients and its carriage in health care staff has led to the emergence of resistance to this antibiotic. . MupA, plasmid mediated gene, has a great role in mupirocinresistence as it had a supplementary modified isoleucyltRNAsynthetase which leads to the high level resistance to Mupirocin. The mupA gene has the ability to facilitate and disseminate the resistance mechanism in different patterns . Linezolid,thefirstoxazolidinonedrug,waslaunchedin2001andis still displaying excellent in vitro activity against Staphylococcus epidermidis on a global scale,although outbreaks of linezolidresistant S. epidermidis (LRSE) are occasionally reported.. Linezolid resistance is mediated by, mutations in the 23S rRNA gene, altering the drug-binding site, and/or the 50S ribosomal proteins L3, L4 and L22, impairing linezolid binding;,Oracquisition of the primarily plasmid-encoded genes cfr, encoding a methyltransferase, or optrA, encoding an ABC transporter, or the cfr homologues cfr(B) and cfr(C). While cfr can mediate the PhLOPSA phenotype (resistance to phenicols, lincosamides,oxazolidinones, pleuromutilins and streptogramin A compounds), optrA confers oxazolidinone and phenicolresistance only.. Pathogenecity of S. aureus is regulated by various factors ,one of them is the accessory gene regulatory (agr) system. It consists of 2 divergently transcribed loci (3 kb) controlled by means of 2 promoters P2 and P3. Most of clinical isolates of acute infections have a functional agr system and all, like strains, produce RNAIII in vitro and in vivo. Agr deficiency has been related to increased biofilm formation because RNAIII reduces the expression of surface adhesins and increases the production of capsule, toxins, and proteases. The agr system is supposed to regulate over 70 genes, 23 of which are renowned virulence factors. There are 2 classes of virulence factors regulated by agr. The first class includes virulence factors implicated in attachment to the host and immune evasion, whereas the second class contains genes engaged in the production of exoproteins related to invasion and toxin production . The activation of the agr system switches the bacterium from an adhesive, colonizing commensal into an invasive and aggressive pathogen(Roux A et al; 2009). Major virulence factors in S. aureus, exfoliative toxins (ETs), toxic shock syndrome toxin (TSST-1), and staphylococcal enterotoxins (SEs) are involved in host colonization, invasion of damaged skin and mucus, gastrointestinal infection, and prevarication of host defense mechanisms. Indeed, agr operon including agrA, agrB, agrC, and agrD genes regulate over 70 genes in S. aureus 23 of which control its pathogenicity and invasive infections . Moreover, S. aureus can be stratified into 4 different groups (agr I, agr II, agr III, and agr IV) according to the sequences of agrC (auto inducing peptide) and agrD (cyclic AIP) genes. It is stated that agr types are different in their properties and prevalence in various geographical areas thus, identification of predominant types in each region may well be functional .
In this clinical trial we will test a new approach for decolonization of S. aureus. As innovative product HY-133 a recombinant chimeric bacteriophage endolysin will be sprayed in both nostrils of healthy subjects once or five times in one day. To avoid possible bias the subjects will be randomized 3:2 verum vs placebo, moreover the subject as well as the investigator will be blinded to the group assigned.
This study aims to determine whether a parent-to-child nasal microbiota transplant (NMT) can seed and engraft parental organisms into the neonatal microbiome and increase the neonatal microbiome diversity.
The goal of this individual patient data meta-analysis is to estimate the attributed and the associated health burden related to bloodstream infections, pneumonia, skin and soft tissue infections, surgical site infections and urinary tract infections, caused by target drug-resistant pathogens, in high income countries. The main question[s] it aims to answer are: - Are common infections caused by drug-resistant pathogens associated with an increased health burden, when compared with individuals with the same infection caused by a susceptible strain (attributed burden)? - Are common infections caused by drug-resistant pathogens associated with an increase health burden, when compared with individuals without the infection under study (associated burden)?
This feasibility and safety pilot study looks to determine whether transferring a parents healthy, diverse nasal microbiota to the participant's infant(s) will create a healthy, diverse neonatal nasal microbiome.
The aim of this study was investigate the effectiveness of Local Antibiotic Applications With Platelet Rich Fibrin on Third Molar Surgery Outcomes In Vivo and In Vitro. The study included a total of 60 patients with impacted mandibular third molar. Patients were evaluated in 3 randomly separated groups. For the first and second group, Platelets Rich Fibrin+ local antibiotics were applied into the tooth socket. For the first group, amoxicillin was applied and for the second group, clindamycin was applied. There was a control group which only Platelets Rich Fibrin was applied into the socket. The outcome variables were pain, swelling, the number of analgesics taken, and trismus. These variables were also assessed based on first, second, third, and seventh days following the operation.
Clinical trial looking at safety and efficacy of suvratoxumab in prevention of pneumonia caused by Staphylococcus aureus in high-risk patients
Phase 1b/2a, Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Multiple Ascending Dose Escalation Study of the Safety, Tolerability, and Efficacy of Intravenous AP SA02 as an Adjunct to Best Available Antibiotic Therapy Compared to Best Available Antibiotic Therapy Alone for the Treatment of Adults With Bacteremia Due to Staphylococcus aureus
Hypothesis: The investigators hypothesize that in patients with CRSwNP who demonstrate sinus colonization with staphylococcus aureus, the administration of dupilumab will be associated with decreased staph colonization and an increase in microbial diversity. Primary Objective will be to demonstrate that dupilumab reduces staphylococcus aureus (phyla firmicutes) abundance while increasing microbial diversity in patients with CRSwNPs who are culture positive for staph aureus at enrollment. Secondary Objectives will be to correlate reduction in Staph aureus abundance and improved bacterial diversity with increased expression of anti-microbial proteins (ß-defensins1-4) and cathelicidin LL-37. In addition, the investigators will correlate improvements in microbial diversity/decreased staph abundance with clinical improvements as assessed via questionnaires and objective/subjective smell function and also as improvements in cellular/immune T2 inflammation as assessed by reduced expression of T2 cytokines/chemokines and eosinophil/eosinophil-derived proteins.