View clinical trials related to Staphylococcal Infections.
Filter by:In patients on mechanical ventilation, it is not known whether the identification of S. aureus in LRT samples improves the performance of its nasal detection. To assess the MSSA or MRSA carrier status of patients requiring mechanical ventilation for more than 48 hours after major heart surgery: comparing the performance of the diagnostic technique Xpert® SA Nasal Complete assay in nasal swab and LRT samples.
Staphylococcus aureus nasal carriage is a major risk factor of infection with this bacterium. Staphylococcus aureus colonization of the posterior nasal cavity is still misunderstood. This study is aimed at evaluating the relationship between Staphylococcus aureus strains colonizing the vestibulum nasi, the sphenoethmoidal recess and the nasopharynx.
The nasal carriage of Staphylococcus aureus is a major risk factor of S. aureus infection, notably in hemodialysis patients (HPs). Decolonization strategies were shown able to reduce the rate of S. aureus infection in this category of patients although the risk of emergence of antimicrobial resistance persists. Approximately one quarter of the general population is colonized by S. aureus in the anterior part of the nostril (vestibulum nasi). Three main categories of nasal carriers have been historically identified: persistent carriers (20%, 12-30%]), intermittent carriers (30%, [16-70%]) and non-carriers (50% [16-69%]). By contrast to intermittent carriers and non-carriers, persistent nasal carriers have a higher risk of S. aureus infection, especially in continuous peritoneal dialysis and in orthopedic surgery. Persistent carriers are characterized by a higher nasal bacterial load, a longer duration of carriage, a lower rate of exchange of S. aureus strains, and a particular affinity for the carried strain. However, there is no consensual definition of this persistent carriage state. In previous studies, 5 to 12 nasal sampling episodes were realized for a period ranging from 5 weeks to 8 years. The index of carriage, corresponding to the number of samples positive for S. aureus divided by the total number of samples, has been proposed to standardize the definition of the carriage state. According to standard tools, it is almost impossible to determine the nasal carriage state in routine practice. Recently, an algorithm based on one or two quantitative cultures from nasal samples taken within 2 days that was able to distinguish accurately persistent and non-persistent nasal carriers of S. aureus has been described; only one nasal sample was needed in more than 9 cases out of 10. The aim of the present study was to assess prospectively the reliability of this algorithm in clinical practice in a cohort of healthcare workers (HCWs) and HPs and to check its ability for identifying patients with the highest risk of S. aureus infection
Epidemiological study aiming to describe the carriage (nasal, throat, groin, rectal and colonic) of S. aureus in patients without chronic digestive disease who are going to have a colonoscopy for cancer screening. The carriage will be analyzed globally and the similarity of strains isolated from each site will be analyzed using molecular tools. The aim of this study is to better estimate the digestive reservoir of S. aureus to better prevent endogenous infections due to this bacterium.
The purpose of this study is to evaluate the safety, tolerability, and immunogenicity of a single dose of Staphylococcus aureus 4 antigen vaccine in Japanese adults aged 20 to <86 years.
Background: Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia (SAB) is frequently encountered in hospitals, with high rates of morbidity and mortality. Duration of antimicrobial treatment for SAB, other than in cases of Infective endocarditis (IE), recommended by different guidelines relies on risk stratification for relapse of infection rather than definite diagnosis of septic foci that eventually determine the relapse rate. In recently published studies fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) PET CT was found to be a sensitive imaging test for identifying metastatic infectious foci in Gram-positive bacteremia, including SAB. Objectives: To examine the impact of using FDG PET CT in the diagnostic algorithm of non-IE SAB compared to standard treatment recommendations on treatment duration and clinical outcomes. Methods: A prospective interventional non-comparative cohort study conducted at Rambam Health Care Campus. Patients with SAB, defined as microbiologically and clinically, will undergo FDG PET CT 10-14 days following the first positive blood culture for diagnosis of septic extra-cardiac foci of infection. Patients with IE will be excluded. Short (2 weeks) versus long treatment (4-6 weeks) will be recommended for negative and positive PET CT tests, respectively. Patients will be followed-up for 1 year for relapse of infection and mortality. We will document the sensitivity and specificity of PET CT for detection of complications among patients with SAB. We will examine the percentage of patients in whom the use of PET CT changed treatment duration compared to standard recommendations. We will compare also, the relapse rate and 1 year mortality rate with data from previous studies and local data. Assuming a 15% rate of management changes compared to consensus recommendations, a sample of 150 patients will achieve the required 95% CI. Significance: Our trial will serve for improving decision making in patients with non-IE SAB, shortening treatment duration in unnecessary cases and decreasing relapse rate by giving prolonged appropriate treatment for metastatic infection not identified by standard management algorithms. PET CT is assuming an increasingly important role in infection diagnosis and management. The current study will be the first to examine the role of PET CT in directing management of patients with SAB.
The purpose of this study is to evaluate the safety and immunogenicity of a single vaccination of an investigational vaccine against Staphylococcus aureus (SA4Ag) in healthy adults aged 18 to <65 years.
This research study is looking at an antibiotic medicine, Ceftaroline Fosamil (Ceftaroline), which fights infections like the one the subject has. Ceftaroline is effective against S.aureus germs including those that are called Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA.) Ceftaroline has been approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for use in adults and children with Community-Acquired Bacterial Pneumonia [a type of lung infection] and Acute Bacterial Skin and Skin Structure Infections. Ceftaroline is not yet approved for treatment in subjects with hematogenous osteomyelitis, therefore, the use of Ceftaroline in this research study is considered "investigational". The goal of this research study is to find out what side effects there may be when children are taking Ceftaroline and to study how effective Ceftaroline is in treating bone infections due to Staphylococcus aureus in children. The investigators are also studying what the body does to the study drug, Ceftaroline, and if the doses the investigators use result in blood levels that the investigators think are going to be effective against bone infections in children. This is called pharmacokinetics (PK).
This study will assess the nasal eradication of SA in healthy subjects following treatment with mupirocin 2% (Bactroban 2% Nasal Ointment) twice daily for 5 days, by means of a broth enriched culture microbial assay. The sensitivities of broth enrichment and plating assay methods will be compared. The safety and tolerability of Bactroban 2% Nasal Ointment will also be assessed.
This trial will test the hypothesis that treating parents of neonates requiring NICU care with intranasal mupirocin and topical chlorhexidine bathing will reduce the spread of S. aureus from parents to neonates.