View clinical trials related to Staphylococcal Infections.
Filter by:Mupirocin is an old antibiotic used topically since the 1970s. Initially used in the treatment of skin infections for its antistaphylococcal action, it is now part of the decolonization strategy for Staphylococcus aureus (SA) carriage, in association with chlorhexidine. This decolonization strategy has been recommended in France for preoperative cardiac surgery in nasal SA carriers since 2013 by the French Hospital Hygiene Society, and recommended for cardiac and orthopedic surgery in SA carriers by the World Health Organization (WHO) since 2016. This strategy includes nasal decolonization using mupirocin ointment nasally (2 to 3 applications/day), a daily shower with chlorhexidine soap and + /- mouthwashes all over 5 days, often pre-operatively. As a result, mupirocin is now widely used throughout the world, all the more so as, for reasons of ease of organization, many centers use this decolonization procedure universally (i.e. without prior screening for Staphylococcus aureus carriage), thus further increasing the use of this molecule. Mupirocin administration methods are very vague, ranging from 2 to 3 applications per day and the application of "a match head", i.e. 50 mg, to 500 mg per nostril. Mupirocin is bacteriostatic at low doses, becoming bactericidal at higher concentrations; low concentrations could favor the selection of resistance, so using the most effective dosage seems essential. This lack of precision in administration is linked to an almost complete ignorance of the pharmacokinetics of mupirocin and its metabolite (monic acid) after nasal application. It therefore seems essential to conduct a pharmacokinetic study of this molecule, in order to eventually offer patients the regimen with the administration methods offering the best characteristics in terms of dosage and efficacy.
The Early Intravenous to Oral Antibiotic Switch in Uncomplicated Staphylococcus aureus Bacteraemia (EVOS) study is a multicentre, randomized, open-label, parallel group, phase 3, non-inferiority trial of early intravenous to oral antibiotic switch in comparison with standard intravenous antibiotic regime among patients with uncomplicated Staphylococcus aureus bacteraemia (SAB). The study is based on the hypothesis that an early switch from IV to oral antimicrobial therapy is non-inferior and safe compared to conventional minimum 14-day course of IV therapy in patients with low-risk uncomplicated SAB.
DUOFAG® is a phage cocktail containing bacteriophages active against Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. It is an investigational medicinal product for the treatment of surgical site infections caused by S. aureus and P. aeruginosa. The primary objective of the study is to demonstrate the safety of DUOFAG® and the clinical and microbiological change within 10 weeks after the start of treatment or until healing.
Problem of the Study This study was designed to test the effectiveness of the application of extra-virgin coconut oil versus Highly Purified Anhydrous (HPA) Lanolin in ameliorating nipple pain, cracking and eventually the prevention of subacute lactation mastitis in breastfeeding women. It is theorized that the nipple crack, nipple pain are early warning signs of subacute clinical lactation mastitis. Goal is after application of extra-virgin coconut oil comparative analysis will be done at one week, three weeks, and six weeks. These complications associated with development of subacute mastitis can be addressed early during the first six weeks of lactation.
Staphylococcus aureus is an important pathogen causing a wide spectrum of infections . The organism usually colonizes the skin and mucous of humans and several animal species. Multiple body sites can be colonized in humans, however, the anterior nares of the nose are the most frequent carriage site for S. aureus. Other sites for carriage include the skin, perineum, and pharynx . It has been shown that there is an increased prevalence of staphylococcus infections, which may be attributed to its carriage in anterior nares and hands of health care workers and patients . The pathogenic mechanisms enabling S. aureus to cause serious infections could include: biofilm which protects organisms from host immune response; opsonophagocytosis and antimicrobial agents, thus leading to chronic and persistent infections. Antibiotic resistance associated with S.aureus infections is a great concern for the clinicians to prevent spread of infections. Methicillin was commonly used for these infections before the emergence of MRSA which is developed due to irrational use of antibiotics, prolonged hospital stay, nasal and hand carriage in health care staff. Also vancomycin, linezolid and mupirocin are used in treating infections,as well as decolonization of carriers . Mupirocin act by inhibiting the protein synthesis of bacteria by binding specifically to isoleucyl-tRNAsynthetase enzyme. The irrational use of Mupirocin among patients and its carriage in health care staff has led to the emergence of resistance to this antibiotic. . MupA, plasmid mediated gene, has a great role in mupirocinresistence as it had a supplementary modified isoleucyltRNAsynthetase which leads to the high level resistance to Mupirocin. The mupA gene has the ability to facilitate and disseminate the resistance mechanism in different patterns . Linezolid,thefirstoxazolidinonedrug,waslaunchedin2001andis still displaying excellent in vitro activity against Staphylococcus epidermidis on a global scale,although outbreaks of linezolidresistant S. epidermidis (LRSE) are occasionally reported.. Linezolid resistance is mediated by, mutations in the 23S rRNA gene, altering the drug-binding site, and/or the 50S ribosomal proteins L3, L4 and L22, impairing linezolid binding;,Oracquisition of the primarily plasmid-encoded genes cfr, encoding a methyltransferase, or optrA, encoding an ABC transporter, or the cfr homologues cfr(B) and cfr(C). While cfr can mediate the PhLOPSA phenotype (resistance to phenicols, lincosamides,oxazolidinones, pleuromutilins and streptogramin A compounds), optrA confers oxazolidinone and phenicolresistance only.. Pathogenecity of S. aureus is regulated by various factors ,one of them is the accessory gene regulatory (agr) system. It consists of 2 divergently transcribed loci (3 kb) controlled by means of 2 promoters P2 and P3. Most of clinical isolates of acute infections have a functional agr system and all, like strains, produce RNAIII in vitro and in vivo. Agr deficiency has been related to increased biofilm formation because RNAIII reduces the expression of surface adhesins and increases the production of capsule, toxins, and proteases. The agr system is supposed to regulate over 70 genes, 23 of which are renowned virulence factors. There are 2 classes of virulence factors regulated by agr. The first class includes virulence factors implicated in attachment to the host and immune evasion, whereas the second class contains genes engaged in the production of exoproteins related to invasion and toxin production . The activation of the agr system switches the bacterium from an adhesive, colonizing commensal into an invasive and aggressive pathogen(Roux A et al; 2009). Major virulence factors in S. aureus, exfoliative toxins (ETs), toxic shock syndrome toxin (TSST-1), and staphylococcal enterotoxins (SEs) are involved in host colonization, invasion of damaged skin and mucus, gastrointestinal infection, and prevarication of host defense mechanisms. Indeed, agr operon including agrA, agrB, agrC, and agrD genes regulate over 70 genes in S. aureus 23 of which control its pathogenicity and invasive infections . Moreover, S. aureus can be stratified into 4 different groups (agr I, agr II, agr III, and agr IV) according to the sequences of agrC (auto inducing peptide) and agrD (cyclic AIP) genes. It is stated that agr types are different in their properties and prevalence in various geographical areas thus, identification of predominant types in each region may well be functional .
The main objective of this study is to investigate whether checklist-based close telephone consultation and process surveillance for S. aureus bacteraemia (SAB) can improve adherence to our in-house SAB-guidelines (prospective quality- improvement group). In addition, the effects of telephone consultation on the clinical outcome of patients will be examined.
Indigenous persons experience a high burden of Staphylococcus aureus (SA) invasive disease and skin and soft tissue infections. SA carriage on the skin is factor for development of SA infections. The goal of this clinical trial is to evaluate a community-informed approach to reduce carriage of SA. Participants will be assigned to education and household supplies for prevention of SA with and without a biomedical intervention. Researchers will compare SA carriage in the two groups.
The goal of this clinical trial (the SIMPLY-SNAP trial) is to compare a simplified layered consent form to a full-length consent form for use during the informed consent process for a larger clinical trial of treatment of Staphylococcus aureus bloodstream infection (the SNAP trial). The main questions it aims to answer are: - Does use of a simplified layered consent form lead to an increased recruitment rate to the SNAP trial? - Does use of a simplified layer consent form lead to increased participant understanding of the SNAP trial and increased participant satisfaction with the informed consent process? Participants will be randomized to either the full-length informed consent form or the simplified layered consent form containing links to optional supplementary information or videos. Research staff will use the assigned form to explain the SNAP trial to participants. After consent, participants will be evaluated on their understanding of the SNAP trial and satisfaction with the consent process using a questionnaire.
Antistaphylococcal penicillins are recommanded as first-line agent in methicillin-suceptible Staphylococcus aureus bacteraemia. Several studies in progress are investigating the efficacy and safety of cefazolin compared with antistaphylococcal penicillins. Cefazolin has broader spectrum than antistaphylococcal penicillins. The hypothesis of this project is that cefazoline could be responsible for a higher rate of bacterial resistance. The aim is to study the association between the emergence of bacterial resistance and the consumption of cefazolin and antistaphylococcal penicillins.
This is an exploratory study to evaluate the effect of adjunctive clindamycin in the treatment of skin and soft-tissue infections due to Staphylococcus aureus in patients from Sierra Leone. The study hypothesizes that clindamycin, when added to routine treatment, will lead to a more rapid clinical resolution and less frequent recurrences of infection.