View clinical trials related to Staphylococcal Infections.
Filter by:The study EPICS-6 consists of three study phases. Emergency Department patients are screened for nasal and pharyngeal colonisation with Methicillin sensitive and Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA/MRSA) using a point-of-care (POC)-PCR-testing method (cobas®LIAT®-System, Roche Molecular Systems Inc.) The first aim of this study is to describe the prevalence of MSSA/MRSA-colonisation in a routine cohort of Emergency Department patients. The second aim is to determine the impact of POC-guided decolonisation as compared to conventional laboratory testing on in-hospital infection rates with MSSA/MRSA in a pre-post-comparison study.
Community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CA-MRSA), strains of MRSA that are able to infect otherwise healthy people outside of hospital settings, emerged in the late 1990s and have recently arisen in many countries around the globe. CA-MRSA strains are usually distinguished from their HA-MRSA counterparts by the following characteristics: Firstly, CA-MRSA strains are usually susceptible to non-lactam antibiotics. Secondly, CA-MRSA harbors type IV and V SCCmec elements, which are shorter than the traditional type I, II, and III SCCmec elements found in HA-MRSA strains. Thirdly, certain successful clones are associated with outbreaks of CA-MRSA infections reported in specific geographical locations. For example, ST1 and ST8 isolates are mostly reported in the USA and Canada, ST80 isolates are commonly found in Europe, and ST59 isolates are encountered in the Asia-Pacific region. Notably, all these characteristics have substantial limitations for discriminating CA-MRSA isolates due to their complex backgrounds. Although there were more and more studies of CA-MRSA in European countries and the US, few national epidemiological data were available about China. In this study, we investigated the epidemiological, clinical and molecular characteristics of CA-MRSA isolates recovered in Chinese hospitals, in order to understand the changing epidemiology of MRSA in China.
The overall goal of the project is to develop and evaluate a home-based intervention to prevent re-infection and transmission of Community-Acquired Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CA-MRSA) in patients presenting to primary care with skin or soft tissue infections (SSTIs). Centers for Disease Control (CDC) CA-MRSA guidelines include incision and drainage, antibiotic sensitivity testing and antibiogram-directed prescribing. Re-infections are common, ranging from 16% to 43%, and present significant challenges to clinicians, patients and their families. Several decolonization and decontamination interventions have been shown to reduce Hospital-Acquired MRSA (HA-MRSA) re-infection and transmission in intensive care units. Few studies examine the feasibility and effectiveness of these infection prevention interventions into primary care settings, and none employ Community Health Workers (CHWs) or "promotoras" to provide home visits for education and interventions about decolonization and decontamination. This comparative effectiveness research/patient centered outcomes research builds upon a highly stakeholder-engaged community-academic research and learning collaborative, including practicing clinicians, patients, clinical and laboratory researchers, and barbers/beauticians. Clinical Directors Network (CDN), an established, NIH-recognized best practice Federally Qualified Health Center (FQHC) Practice-based Research Network (PBRN), and The Rockefeller University propose to address this question through the completion of four aims: (1) To evaluate the comparative effectiveness of a CHW/Promotora-delivered home intervention (Experimental Group) as compared to Usual Care (Control Group) on the primary patient-centered and clinical outcome (SSTI recurrence rates) and secondary patient-centered and clinical outcomes (pain, depression, quality of life, care satisfaction) using a two-arm randomized controlled trial (RCT). (2) To understand the patient-level factors (CA-MRSA infection prevention knowledge, self-efficacy, decision-making autonomy, prevention behaviors/adherence) and environmental-level factors (household surface contamination, household member colonization, transmission to household members) that are associated with differences in SSTI recurrence rates. (3) To understand interactions of the intervention with bacterial genotypic and phenotypic variables on decontamination, decolonization, SSTI recurrence, and household transmission. (4) To explore the evolution of stakeholder engagement and interactions among patients and other community stakeholders with practicing community-based clinicians and academic laboratory and clinical investigators over the duration of the study period.
Implantable venous access port infections are mainly due to coagulase negative staphylococci and may be managed by antibiotic lock therapy with retention of the port. Most of the time a vancomycin lock is used. Experimental data show that vancomycin may be poorly effective in eradicating the staphylococcal biofilm in the port. Another disadvantage of Vancomycin-containing lock solution is the occurrence of resistant organisms and the risk of catheter occlusion. Ethanol-containing lock solution is highly effective in vitro and does not expose to the risk of emergence resistance.
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is one of the major sources of nosocomial infection. Along with the widely application of antibiotics around perioperative period, MRSA infection is increasing by years.Fecal microbial transplantation (FMT),infusion of fecal preparation from a healthy donor into the GI tract of a patient is being proposed as a novel therapeutic approach to modulate diseases associated with pathological imbalances within the resident microbiota, termed dysbiosis.It has been used to treat intestinal disease such as inflammatory bowel diseases and Clostridium difficile infection, but no reports are available on its role in treating MRSA enteritis yet. vancomycin is the first choice to treat MRSA but can also lead to an increase in antibiotic resistant organisms such as vancomycin-resistant enterococci, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and transfer of antibiotic resistance genes among the microbial community. So FMT seems a more harmless and reasonable measure to treat similar diseases.
Given that the Emergency Department (ED) has become the entry way for large populations of patients into the health care system, a strategy of sampling MRSA isolates in ED populations and merging this information with patient-level data may present a window to hypothesize and investigate CA-MRSA transmission within the community and its impact on hospital-acquired infections.
The current recommended antibiotic, Cefazolin, treatment for vascular surgery, provides coverage only for Methicillin-Sensitive Staphylococcus Aureaus (MSSA), other gram-positive bacteria, and some gram-negative bacteria which may not be adequate antibiotic treatment at the time of vascular surgery and result in an increased hospital length of stay, increased cost of care, and an increased risk of morbidity and mortality as a consequence of surgical site infections. Thus, the investigators want to compare whether Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus Aureaus (MRSA) antibiotic prophylaxis with Cefazolin plus Daptomycin is superior to Cefazolin plus Vancomycin in the reduction of surgical site infection (SSI) following open arterial revascularization procedures requiring a groin plus lower extremity incision. The investigators hypothesis is that Cefazolin plus Daptomycin is superior to Cefazolin plus Vancomycin in the prevention of SSI for high risk patients undergoing open groin plus lower extremity procedures.
Background: Community acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CA-MRSA) is an emerging pathogen of the 21st century whose incidence as a cause of local and invasive infections has significantly increased, especially in previously healthy term and near term newborns. The etiology of the increasing incidence of infection in previously healthy term and near-term newborns remains unclear. Hypothesis: 1. The incidence of previously healthy newborns infected with CA-MRSA skin & soft tissue (SSTI) and invasive infections is higher in those born to mothers colonized with CA-MRSA. 2. Pregnant women colonized with CA-MRSA are at higher risk for post-partum infection with this organism. Specific Aims: 1. To determine the incidence of nasal and vaginal colonization with CA-MRSA in pregnant women and determine the genetic similarities of these strains. 2. To study CA-MRSA transmission dynamics and evaluate the incidence of SSTI and invasive infections in newborns born to S. aureus colonized mothers. 3. To study the efficacy of attempted decolonization in CA-MRSA colonized mothers in decreasing the incidence of transmission and development of SSTI and invasive infections in their infants during the first month of life. Potential Impact: Understanding the epidemiology of the transmission dynamics of CA-MRSA in previously healthy newborns will provide important information to support the development of strategies aimed at the interruption of transmission and prevention of infection caused by CA-MRSA in newborns, as well as in pregnant women. This will also allow for the development of infection control strategies to prevent the spread of this organism among post-partum units and nurseries.
The Staphylococcus aureus is an important pathogen bacteria actuating as an agent of a wide variety of infections, such as the superficials to the disseminates ones, its commonly find into hospitals ambient, assailing mainly immunosupress patients. Around 30% to 50% of people carries this agent in their nasal bone as part of their normal flora, occuring larger in hospitals workers. The S. aureus is also known for its high capacity of developing resistance to various antibiotic. Facing these considerations, the importance of nursing precaution and the infections control inside hospitals ambient, the purpose of this present study aimed to verify the rates of carriers of S. aureus in nursing students and the connection with the hospitals time involvement during graduation in the Faculty de Medicine de Botucatu - UNESP, embracing the 4 years of graduation college.
The purpose of this study is to determine whether the standard dosage of teicoplanin is adequate to produce timely the trough level > 10 mg/L, which is considered to be effective in the treatment of methicillin-resistant Staphyllococcus aureus (MRSA) bacteremia.