View clinical trials related to Smoking, Tobacco.
Filter by:Background: Many people who smoke use vaping products to help them quit. Levels of toxicants in urine samples are substantially lower in those who exclusively vape compared to those who smoke, suggesting that vaping poses only a fraction of the harms as smoking. However, vaping is still not risk free, with some studies finding higher levels of some toxicants among vapers compared to those who do not smoke or vape. People with mental health conditions have different smoking patterns compared with the wider general population. It is not known if people with mental health conditions have different vaping pattens, therefore researchers do not know if they are exposed to different levels of vaping related toxicants. Also, smoking exposes people to high levels of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), which can reduce the effectiveness of some psychotropic medication and management of symptoms. Vaping exposes people to lower levels of PAHs than smoking, however it is unknown if the levels of PAHs from vaping affect the metabolization of psychotropic medicines. The goal of this observational study is to learn about levels of tobacco toxicants among people with mental health conditions who vape, smoke, dual use or do neither. The main question[s] it aims to answer are: What are the levels of biomarkers of toxicant exposure among those who use community mental health services who exclusively vape, exclusively smoke, dual use or do neither, and how do they change over time? What is the difference in clozapine excretion levels and metabolism among those who use community mental health services who exclusively vape, exclusively smoke or dual use or do neither? Participants will self report smoking and vaping characteristics and provide blood and urine samples at baseline and six months later. Urine will be analysed for tobacco toxicants. Blood will be analysed for levels of clozapine and other prescribed anti psychotic medication. Researchers will compare levels of toxicants between people who vape, smoke, dual use, or do neither to see if these is a difference.
The main purpose of this experimental study is to compare the existing health education program for School Health and Education Program (SHEP) in the Junior High Schools with a new health education model (Smart-Kids') for the prevention of smoking initiation and to improve the quit rate among students in Upper East Region of Ghana. The intervention will be based on the Theory of Triadic Influences (TTI) which involves the cultural environment in which adolescents mature, their immediate social situation, and intrapersonal differences. These three factors impact through different mediating variables, such as attitudes, normative beliefs, and self-efficacy, which eventually affect smoking intentions and smoking behavior as the outcome measures. The study design is a cluster randomized control trial. After baseline assessment, the investigators will randomize schools to receive the new health education for three months whiles the comparator (control group) will continue with the usual health education. The investigators will conduct a post-intervention assessment using the same questionnaire with unique identity codes linking each participant to their baseline assessments immediately at the end of the intervention. Final assessment will be done approximately three months after the intervention. The investigators will assess and compare the effectiveness of the new health model to the normal health promotion programs (SHEP). The investigators hypothesized that there will be no significant differences observed between the new teacher-led health education program (the Smart-Kids Program) and the existing SHEP coordinator-led in preventing smoking uptake among the youth. Alternatively, the new teacher-led health education program would facilitate the effects of the program on outcomes. on four key primary endpoints as follows: - H1: The intervention study will result in a 30% reduction in smoking uptake - H2: The intervention study will result in a 10% reduction in smokers - H3. The intervention will increase knowledge of the harmful effects of tobacco use by 50% - H4. The intervention will increase the willingness to quit smoking by 10% among smokers