Smith-Lemli-Opitz Syndrome Clinical Trial
Official title:
Investigation of Simvastatin Therapy in Smith-Lemli-Opitz Syndrome
This study will evaluate the safety and effectiveness of simvastatin in treating children
with Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome (SLOS). Patients with this inherited disease are deficient
in an enzyme that converts a substance called 7-dehydrocholesterol (7-DHC) to cholesterol.
Cholesterol synthesis is impaired, causing birth defects and mental retardation. This study
will examine whether simvastatin can increase the amount of the deficient enzyme, thereby
lowering 7-DHC and increasing cholesterol. It will examine the safety of simvastatin in
affected children and its effects on their behavioral problems.
Children between 4 and 18 years of age with mild to typical SLOS may be eligible for this
study. Participants will be evaluated at the NIH Clinical Center in Bethesda, MD, and at the
Kennedy Krieger Institute in Baltimore, MD, upon admission to the study and again at 6, 12,
20, and 26 months. The visits will last 3 to 4 days, and will include a medical history and
physical examination, photographs to document medical findings, and other procedures
detailed below. In addition, blood samples will be collected at 1, 3, 9, 14, 15, 17, and 23
months. Parents will complete several questionnaires during the study. Procedures include
the following:
- Simvastatin and cholesterol supplementation therapy. Patients take cholesterol
supplements (50 milligrams per kilogram per day) plus simvastatin (0.5 mg/kg/day for 6
weeks and then 1 mg/kg/day) for 12 months, and cholesterol supplements plus a placebo
for 12 months.
- Blood draws to check liver, muscle, and kidney function, hormone levels, vitamin D
levels, blood counts, cholesterol and 7-DHC levels, and lipoprotein levels. Some extra
blood is drawn for research purposes.
- Urine collection. Urine is collected using a toilet hat. For children who are not
toilet trained, urine is collected in a bag taped to the skin with an adhesive.
- Electroretinogram (ERG) to measure the function of the retina, the light-sensitive
tissue at the back of the eye. ERG is done under sedation. After adapting the child's
eyes to the dark, an electrode is taped to the child's forehead, the surface of one eye
is numbed with eye drops, and a contact lens is placed on the eye. The child looks
inside a globe that emits a series of light flashes. The contact lens senses electrical
signals generated by the retina when the light flashes. After the ERG, the patient has
a full eye exam, including pupil dilation and photographs of the eye.
- Lumbar puncture (spinal tap) to collect a sample of cerebral spinal fluid (CSF). This
procedure, done while the patient is sedated for the ERG, shows whether simvastatin
affects brain cholesterol and chemical levels. Under local anesthetic, a needle is
inserted in the space between the bones in the lower back where the CSF circulates
below the spinal cord. A small amount of fluid is collected through the needle.
- CRH stimulation test to detect hormone-related problems in cholesterol synthesis. The
patient is given CRH, a hormone involved in cholesterol synthesis, through a plastic
tube placed in a vein. Blood samples are collected through the same catheter to measure
levels of other hormones involved in cholesterol production.
- Electroencephalogram (EEG) to look at the electrical activity (brain waves) of the
child's brain.
- Activity monitoring. An activity monitor, which looks like and is worn like a watch, is
used to record the child's level of activity for a 48-hour period.
- Urine pregnancy test at every visit for female patients over age 10.
- Skin swab for sterol (solid alcohol, such as cholesterol) analysis. An alcohol pad is
rubbed lightly against the child's arm or thigh to collect skin cells.
- Stool collection. A small stool sample is collected from the child's diaper or, for
children who are toilet trained, from a toilet "hat" like that used to collect urine.
Status | Completed |
Enrollment | 23 |
Est. completion date | December 2010 |
Est. primary completion date | December 2010 |
Accepts healthy volunteers | No |
Gender | Both |
Age group | 4 Years to 18 Years |
Eligibility |
- INCLUSION CRITERIA: All patients with biochemically proven SLOS will be considered for this study. EXCLUSION CRITERIA: Patients will be excluded if they cannot travel to the NIH because of their medical condition. Age less than 4 and older than 18. Weight less than 10 kg. Developmental delay too severe to obtain adequate behavioral evaluation. Severe behavioral problems that preclude proper physical and laboratory medicine evaluation. SLOS severity score greater than 30. No biochemical diagnosis of SLOS. No molecular conformation of SLOS. Residual fibroblasts enzymatic activity less than 10% of control value (cholesterol synthesis as a fraction of total sterol synthesis). Dehydrocholesterol/cholesterol ratio greater than 1.0. Renal insufficiency. Contraindications for simvastatin use: History of hypersensitivity to simvastatin or other "statins." Acute liver disease. Persistent elevations of serum transaminase levels or persistent elevations of CPK. Concomitant therapy with tetralol-class calcium channel blockers (such as mibefradil). Pregnancy or lactation. History of rhabdomyolysis or myopathy. Concomitant therapy with other drugs associated with myopathy (such as gemfibrozil or other fibrates, niacin) or metabolism by the P450 isoform 3A4 system (such as cyclosporin, itraconazole, ketoconazole, macrolide antibiotics, or nefazodone (Serzone)). Warfarin-type anticoagulant therapy. Severe cataracts. |
Allocation: Randomized, Endpoint Classification: Safety/Efficacy Study, Intervention Model: Crossover Assignment, Masking: Double Blind (Subject, Caregiver, Investigator), Primary Purpose: Treatment
Country | Name | City | State |
---|---|---|---|
United States | National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, 9000 Rockville Pike | Bethesda | Maryland |
Lead Sponsor | Collaborator |
---|---|
Forbes Porter, M.D. | Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD) |
United States,
Kelley RI, Hennekam RC. The Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome. J Med Genet. 2000 May;37(5):321-35. Review. — View Citation
Kelley RI. A new face for an old syndrome. Am J Med Genet. 1997 Jan 31;68(3):251-6. — View Citation
Porter FD. RSH/Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome: a multiple congenital anomaly/mental retardation syndrome due to an inborn error of cholesterol biosynthesis. Mol Genet Metab. 2000 Sep-Oct;71(1-2):163-74. Review. — View Citation
Type | Measure | Description | Time frame | Safety issue |
---|---|---|---|---|
Primary | Serum Cholesterol to Total Sterol Ratio | Total serum cholesterol (mg/dL) divided by the sum of all sterols (cholesterol plus its precursors, 7-dehydrocholesterol - 7DHC, and 8-dehydrocholesterol- 8DHC - in mg/dL). | 1 year after therapy. | No |
Secondary | Cerebral Spinal Fluid Dehydrocholesterol to Total Sterol Ratio | Percent of 7-dehydrocholesterol + 8-dehydrocholesterol as a fraction of the total sterols (cholesterol + 7-dehydrocholesterol + 8-dehydrocholesterol measured in cerebral spinal fluid | 12 months | No |
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