Novel Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Imaging to Define a Unique Restrictive Cardiomyopathy in Sickle Cell Disease

Sickle Cell Disease Clinical Trial

Official title:

Novel Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Imaging to Define a Unique Restrictive Cardiomyopathy in Sickle Cell Disease

Clinical Trial Details — Status: Completed

Administrative data

• NCT number: NCT02410811
• Other study ID #: 2012-4851
• Status: Completed
• Start date: January 31, 2014
• Est. completion date: May 20, 2019

Study information

• Verified date: June 2019
• Source: Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati
• Contact: n/a
• Is FDA regulated: No
• Study type: Observational

Clinical Trial Summary

The purpose of this study is to use cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMR) and echocardiographic tissue Doppler imaging to demonstrate a unique restrictive cardiomyopathy of sickle cell disease. The investigators will characterize its frequency and how it might change (e.g., presence/absence and severity) over a 2-year period.

Description:

Sickle cell disease (SCD) causes progressive cardiopulmonary morbidity, beginning in childhood, which can ultimately be fatal. As a group, cardiopulmonary complications, such as acute chest syndrome and sudden death, are now the most common causes of death in SCD, especially in adolescents and adults.

Patients with SCD have features of both an anemia-related, high cardiac output state and a restrictive cardiomyopathy (RCM). The investigators propose that this unique RCM is an overlooked and understudied complication of SCD. RCM could explain the modest increases in pulmonary artery pressure in patients with SCD, as measured by cardiac catheterization or estimated by tricuspid regurgitant jet velocity (TRJV), which has often been attributed to a primary pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). RCM could also be the cause of unexplained sudden cardiac death in SCD, which is a feature of other forms of RCM.

The investigators overarching hypothesis is that increased reactive oxygen species (ROS)-mediated angiotensin-1 receptor (AT1R)-TGFβ1 signaling is pro-fibrotic and, in combination with vaso-occlusive ischemia-reperfusion injury, results in an age-dependent, progressive RCM that can be detected by non-invasive cardiac imaging.

This pilot, longitudinal, observational study uses a novel, comprehensive, multimodal cardiac imaging strategy, combining cutting-edge cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMR) and echocardiographic tissue Doppler imaging (TDI), to demonstrate the unique RCM of SCD, characterizing its frequency and the temporal evolution over a 2-year period. The investigators will also correlate the RCM phenotype with biomarkers of ROS and renin angiotensin system (RAS)-TGFβ1 signaling.

This research could change the investigators understanding of how SCD affects the heart and lungs. The investigators propose studies that will change the current concept of primary pulmonary vasculopathy to a cardiomyopathy-centered model with secondary pulmonary vascular changes leading to sudden death. This translational pilot study will deliver a novel, clear, quantifiable CMR phenotype with established diagnostic performance that will be used in phase II/III clinical trials to test anti-fibrotic therapy to prevent or reverse SCD-related RCM.

Recruitment information / eligibility

• Status: Completed
• Enrollment: 33
• Est. completion date: May 20, 2019
• Est. primary completion date: January 29, 2018
• Accepts healthy volunteers: No
• Gender: All
• Age group: 6 Years to 65 Years

Eligibility

Inclusion Criteria:

• Sickle cell anemia (HbSS) or sickle-ß°-thalassemia (HbSß°) confirmed by hemoglobin separation and identification techniques

• Ability to cooperate with and undergo CMR without sedation or anesthesia.

• Ability to cooperate with and undergo echocardiogram

• Written informed consent in accordance with the institutional policies and federal guidelines must be provided by the participant (if =18 years of age) or parent or legally authorized guardian (if the participant is <18 years of age) Minor participants =11 years of age will be requested to provide assent

The following additional inclusion criterion applies to Age Stratum A:

Age 6 to 13.99 years

The following additional inclusion criteria apply to Age Stratum B:

• Age 14 to 20.99 years

• Detectible and quantifiable TRJV with reported value

The following additional inclusion criteria apply to Age Stratum C:

• Age =21 years

• Detectible and quantifiable TRJV with reported value

The following additional inclusion criteria apply to Stratum D:

• Age =6 years.

• Current use of disease-modifying therapy [hydroxyurea, chronic transfusions, or both (given concurrently, sequentially, or both)] that was initiated at <3 years of age, and for which there has been no interruption of therapy for >6 consecutive months since the initiation of disease-modifying therapy.

Exclusion Criteria:

• Any contraindication to MRI or physical or behavioral factor that could degrade the quality of MRI data or interfere with a participant's tolerance of the MRI, such as permanent or semi-permanent metallic implants, including pacemakers and defibrillators, or severe claustrophobia

• Known ventricular septal defect (VSD) documented in medical record

• Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate (eGFR) <60 mL/min/1.73 m2 (estimated by serum creatinine or cystatin-C)

• Pregnancy (documented by serum or urine pregnancy test)

The following additional inclusion criterion applies to strata A, B and C only:

• Current chronic transfusion therapy (defined as regular, approximately monthly, transfusions of packed red blood cells given for at least 6 consecutive months for the treatment of prevention of SCD-related complications with the plan to continue this therapy at the time of potential enrollment).

Related Conditions & MeSH terms

• Anemia, Sickle Cell
• Cardiomyopathies
• Sickle Cell Disease

Intervention

Other:
• Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMR)
CMR is obtained on all participants in all arms/groups

Locations

Country	Name	City	State
United States	Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center	Cincinnati	Ohio

Sponsors (1)

Lead Sponsor	Collaborator
Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati

Country where clinical trial is conducted

United States, 

References & Publications (4)

Alsaied T, Niss O, Powell AW, Fleck RJ, Cnota JF, Chin C, Malik P, Quinn CT, Taylor MD. Diastolic dysfunction is associated with exercise impairment in patients with sickle cell anemia. Pediatr Blood Cancer. 2018 Aug;65(8):e27113. doi: 10.1002/pbc.27113. — View Citation

Niss O, Fleck R, Makue F, Alsaied T, Desai P, Towbin JA, Malik P, Taylor MD, Quinn CT. Association between diffuse myocardial fibrosis and diastolic dysfunction in sickle cell anemia. Blood. 2017 Jul 13;130(2):205-213. doi: 10.1182/blood-2017-02-767624. E — View Citation

Niss O, Quinn CT, Lane A, Daily J, Khoury PR, Bakeer N, Kimball TR, Towbin JA, Malik P, Taylor MD. Cardiomyopathy With Restrictive Physiology in Sickle Cell Disease. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging. 2016 Mar;9(3):243-52. doi: 10.1016/j.jcmg.2015.05.013. Epub 2016 — View Citation

Powell AW, Alsaied T, Niss O, Fleck RJ, Malik P, Quinn CT, Mays WA, Taylor MD, Chin C. Abnormal submaximal cardiopulmonary exercise parameters predict impaired peak exercise performance in sickle cell anemia patients. Pediatr Blood Cancer. 2019 Jun;66(6): — View Citation

Outcome

Type	Measure	Description	Time frame	Safety issue
Other	Stability of the Diffuse Myocardial Fibrosis Phenotype Over Time	The occurrence of a change [from the baseline assessment] in the classification [presence or absence] of the diffuse myocardial fibrosis phenotype, which is defined as an abnormally increased extracellular volume (ECV) measurement as assessed by cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMR) using T1 mapping before and after administration of gadolinium. Expressed as number of participants who had a change in classification of the diffuse myocardial fibrosis phenotype [e.g., presence to absence, or absence to presence] during the 2-year study in each stratum.	Assessed annually over a 2-year period (3 assessments over 2 years)
Primary	Frequency of the Diffuse Myocardial Fibrosis Phenotype	The occurrence of an abnormally increased extracellular volume (ECV) measurement [i.e., the presence of the diffuse myocardial fibrosis phenotype] as assessed by cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMR) using T1 mapping before and after administration of gadolinium. Expressed as number of participants with the diffuse myocardial fibrosis phenotype in each stratum.	Assessed annually over a 2-year period (3 assessments over 2 years)