Clarithromycin as Immunomodulator for the Management of Sepsis

Sepsis Clinical Trial

Official title:

A Double-blind Randomized Placebo-controlled Clinical Trial of the Safety and Efficacy of Intravenous Clarithromycin as Immunomodulatory Therapy for the Management of Sepsis

Clinical Trial Details — Status: Completed

Administrative data

• NCT number: NCT01223690
• Other study ID #: A06-269
• Status: Completed
• Phase: Phase 3
• First received: October 18, 2010
• Last updated: August 3, 2011
• Start date: July 2007
• Est. completion date: April 2011

Study information

• Verified date: October 2010
• Source: University of Athens
• Contact: n/a
• Is FDA regulated: No
• Health authority: Greece: National Organization of Medicines
• Study type: Interventional

Clinical Trial Summary

The herein protocol is based on the results of one former clinical trial conducted by our study group showing the considerable efficacy of intravenously administered clarithromycin as an adjuvant to antimicrobial chemotherapy for patients with sepsis, septic shock and respiratory failure in the field of ventilator-associated pneumonia. The proposed clinical trial is based on the need to generalize the application of intravenous clarithromycin in the total of admitted septic patients irrespective of the underlying cause of sepsis.

Description:

The idea for the application of intravenous clarithromycin as immunomodulatory therapy for the management of sepsis has been evolved on in vitro results showing that concentrations close to 10μg/ml may refrain biosynthesis of pro-inflammatory cytokines by inhibiting the activation of the translation factor NF-κB. Intravenously administered clarithromycin has been widely applied in experimental sepsis by one susceptible isolate of Escherichia coli, one multidrug-resistant isolate of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and one pan-resistant isolate of Klebsiella pneumoniae after induction of pyelonephritis by the test isolates. Results of these animal studies revealed that clarithromycin inhibited the evolution of the systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) acting at the cellular level of blood monocytes and that its effect was expressed when administered after induction of sepsis.

Based on the latter experimental data, one double-blind randomized clinical trail was conducted over the period June 2004-December 2005 in the 4th Department of Internal Medicine, in the 1st Department of Critical Care and in the 2nd Department of Critical Care of the University of Athens. The study enrolled 200 subjects with ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) and sepsis, severe sepsis or septic shock; 100 received placebo and 100 clarithromycin. Statistical analysis of results revealed that clarithromycin effected earlier resolution of signs of sepsis and of VAP accompanied by a) prolongation of survival of the total of patients over the first 16 days of follow-up, b) prolongation of survival of patients with septic shock for 28 days of follow-up, and c) 2.75-fold reduction of the relative risk of death over the first 28 days of follow-up in patients with multiple organ failure.

The proposed clinical trial is based on the extremely beneficial results of clarithromycin in the septic population of patients with VAP creating the following needs: a) to generalize the application of intravenous clarithromycin in the total of admitted septic patients irrespective of the underlying cause of sepsis, and b) to expand the effect of clarithromycin over a greater time period than the first 19 days post start of administration.

Recruitment information / eligibility

• Status: Completed
• Enrollment: 600
• Est. completion date: April 2011
• Est. primary completion date: November 2010
• Accepts healthy volunteers: No
• Gender: Both
• Age group: 18 Years and older

Eligibility

Inclusion Criteria:

• One or more of the following infections: a) primary or secondary bacteremia by Gram-negative bacteria, b) acute pyelonephritis, or c) intrabdominal infection. Only one episode of infection per patient will be enrolled. Both patients with community-acquired and nosocomial infections are eligible for the study.

• The presence of at least two of the following criteria of sepsis according to ACCP/SCCM (8) a) body temperature >38 degreesC or <36 degreesC; b) pulse rate >90/min; c) breath rate >20/min or Pco2<32mmHg; and/or d) leukocytosis (white blood cell count >12,000/µl) or leukopenia (white blood cell count <4,000/µl) or >10% band forms

Exclusion Criteria:

• Presence of HIV infection

• Intake of corticosteroids at a dose more than or equal to 1mg/kg of equivalent prednisone for more than one month

• Neutropenia as <500 neutrophils/µl

• Selection by the attending physician of a macrolide as empiric antimicrobial therapy for the infection making the patient eligible for the study

Study Design

Allocation: Randomized, Endpoint Classification: Safety/Efficacy Study, Intervention Model: Parallel Assignment, Masking: Double Blind (Subject, Caregiver, Investigator, Outcomes Assessor), Primary Purpose: Treatment

Related Conditions & MeSH terms

• Sepsis
• Septic Shock
• Severe Sepsis
• Toxemia

Intervention

Drug:
• Clarithromycin
1000 mg diluted into 250 ml of dextrose 5% administered intravenously within one hour of continuous infusion for four consecutive days
• Dextrose 5%
1000 mg diluted into 250 ml of dextrose 5% administered intravenously within one hour of continuous infusion for four consecutive days

Locations

Country	Name	City	State
Greece	2nd Department of Critical Care Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens	Athens
Greece	2nd Department of Medicine, Sismanogleion General Hospital	Athens
Greece	3rd Department of Critical Care Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens	Athens
Greece	4th Department of Internal Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens	Athens
Greece	1st Department of Medicine, University of Patras	Patras
Greece	2nd Department of Surgery, University of Thessaloniki	Thessaloniki

Sponsors (1)

Lead Sponsor	Collaborator
University of Athens

Country where clinical trial is conducted

Greece, 

References & Publications (4)

Giamarellos-Bourboulis EJ, Adamis T, Laoutaris G, Sabracos L, Koussoulas V, Mouktaroudi M, Perrea D, Karayannacos PE, Giamarellou H. Immunomodulatory clarithromycin treatment of experimental sepsis and acute pyelonephritis caused by multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2004 Jan;48(1):93-9. — View Citation

Giamarellos-Bourboulis EJ, Pechère JC, Routsi C, Plachouras D, Kollias S, Raftogiannis M, Zervakis D, Baziaka F, Koronaios A, Antonopoulou A, Markaki V, Koutoukas P, Papadomichelakis E, Tsaganos T, Armaganidis A, Koussoulas V, Kotanidou A, Roussos C, Giamarellou H. Effect of clarithromycin in patients with sepsis and ventilator-associated pneumonia. Clin Infect Dis. 2008 Apr 15;46(8):1157-64. doi: 10.1086/529439. — View Citation

Giamarellos-Bourboulis EJ, Tziortzioti V, Koutoukas P, Baziaka F, Raftogiannis M, Antonopoulou A, Adamis T, Sabracos L, Giamarellou H. Clarithromycin is an effective immunomodulator in experimental pyelonephritis caused by pan-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2006 May;57(5):937-44. Epub 2006 Mar 20. — View Citation

Giamarellos-Bourboulis EJ. Macrocycle molecules for the management of systemic infections: the clarithromycin paradigm. Curr Top Med Chem. 2010;10(14):1470-5. Review. — View Citation

Outcome

Type	Measure	Description	Time frame	Safety issue
Primary	Effect of clarithromycin in mortality and risk for death by severe sepsis/shock and multiple organ dysfunction compared with placebo	Survival analysis for 28 days will be done between placebo-treated patients and clarithromycin-treated patients separately for patients with sepsis; for patients with severe sepsis; and for patients with septic shock. Odds ratios for death by septic shock and/or multiple organ dysfunction will be assessed separately for each arm. Comparison of odds ratios will be done.	28 days	No
Secondary	Effect of clarithromycin compared with placebo in time to resolution of infection	Time analysis between placebo-treated patients and clarithromycin-treated patients will be done	28 days	No
Secondary	Effect of clarithromycin compared with placebo in time to resolution of sepsis	Time analysis between placebo-treated patients and clarithromycin-treated patients will be done	28 days	No
Secondary	Effect of clarithromycin compared with placebo in time to progression to severe sepsis or septic shock and multiple organ failure	Time analysis between placebo-treated patients and clarithromycin-treated patients will be done	28 days	No
Secondary	Influence of administration of clarithromycin compared with placebo on systemic inflammatory response	Comparative analysis of serum markers estimated at consecutive time intervals over the first 10 days of follow-up	10 days	No