Sepsis Clinical Trial
Official title:
Zinc as an Immunomodulator in the Treatment of Possible Serious Bacterial Infections in Infants 7 Days and up to 4 Months of Age
Verified date | December 2010 |
Source | Centre For International Health |
Contact | n/a |
Is FDA regulated | No |
Health authority | India: Institutional Review Board |
Study type | Interventional |
Infections are the important cause of high mortality in young infants in developing
countries. Zinc is a crucial micronutrient as it influences various immune mechanisms and
modulates host resistance to several pathogens. It has shown benefits as an adjunct therapy
in infections like diarrhea and pneumonia in older children Given the predisposition of
young infants in developing countries to zinc deficiency and infections, addition of zinc to
standard treatment of serious bacterial infections may lead to significant improvements in
the outcomes.
Several hypotheses will be examined in this clinical trial. The primary objective is to
measure, in a double blind randomized controlled trial, the efficacy of giving 2 RDA
(Required Daily Allowance 10 mg) of zinc orally in addition to routine antibiotics, for
treatment of possible serious bacterial infection in infants >= 7 days and up to 4 months of
age in reducing the proportion of treatment failures and time to discharge from the
hospital. This will evaluate the clinical consequences of the possible immunomodulation by
zinc supplementation. This is critical to demonstrate because nearly 80% of infant mortality
occurs in first months of life.
Young infants with possible serious bacterial infections fulfilling the inclusion criteria
will be enrolled in the study and stratified into 4 groups on basis of weight for age 'z'
scores < -2 z and >=- 2 z and whether he/she has diarrhea or not. Within each stratum the
subjects will be randomized to receive zinc or placebo. Treatment failures will be defined
by the need for a change of initial antibiotic therapy. The minimum duration of monitoring
will be till clinical recovery (using predetermined criteria). Serum copper, serum ferritin
and serum transferrin receptors will be determined at enrollment, 72 hours after enrollment
and at discharge from the hospital. Concentrations of CRP and procalcitonin will be measured
at baseline, 72 hours after enrolment and at clinical recovery.
Documentation of efficacy of addition of zinc to standard therapy may provide a simple and
low-cost strategy to improve survival in serious infections in young infants. This is likely
to have a significant impact on infant morbidity and mortality. It will be good example of
using a simple immunomodulator beneficially in improving child health.
Status | Completed |
Enrollment | 700 |
Est. completion date | December 2008 |
Est. primary completion date | December 2008 |
Accepts healthy volunteers | No |
Gender | Both |
Age group | N/A to 4 Months |
Eligibility |
Inclusion Criteria: Evidence of possible serious bacterial infection, defined as a CRP >= 12 mg/L and any one of the following clinical features: Fever (axillary temperature >= 37.5 degrees C) or hypothermia (axillary temperature <35.5 degrees C). Lethargic or unconscious. No attachment to the breast in breast fed infants. No suckling in breast fed infants. Convulsions in the present episode. Bulging fontanel. - History of acute refusal of feed in the present episode. - Acute history of excessive cry or irritability in the present episode. - Fast breathing defined as >= 60 breaths/minute (on second count) for infants < 2 months and >= 50 breaths/min in infants 2 months up to 4 months. - Grunting in the absence of any non infective cause. - Cyanosis in the absence of any non infective cause. - Severe chest in drawing. - Unexplained shock. - Diarrhea in present episode. Exclusion Criteria: - Congenital malformations e.g. hydrocephalus, structural CNS malformation. - Severe birth asphyxia defined as: - One minute APGAR (if available) of < 4/10. - CT scan or MRI or EEG abnormalities if available suggestive of hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy. - Known structural defects, which interfere with feeding, e.g.cleft palate esophageal abnormalities, intestinal atresia and stenosis, malrotation of the gut,anorectal malformation. - Subjects requiring ventilation or ionotropic support. - History of diarrhea in the present episode. - Known inborn error of metabolism. - Chronic disorders of other organs e.g. neonatal cholestasis, chronic renal failure, pre-existing seizure disorder. - Infants born of known HIV mothers. - Clinical suspicion of necrotising enterocolitis. - Congenital heart disease. - Any CVS malformation: - Congenital heart disease. - Cyanosis before present episode. - Presence of murmur > grade 3/6. - Ambiguous genitalia. - Known chromosomal abnormality. - Infants requiring exchange transfusion. |
Allocation: Randomized, Endpoint Classification: Efficacy Study, Intervention Model: Parallel Assignment, Masking: Double Blind (Subject, Caregiver, Investigator, Outcomes Assessor), Primary Purpose: Treatment
Country | Name | City | State |
---|---|---|---|
India | All India Institute Of Medical Sciences | New Delhi | |
India | Deen Dayal Upadhyay Hospital, | New Delhi | |
India | Kalawati Saran Children Hospital | New Delhi |
Lead Sponsor | Collaborator |
---|---|
Centre For International Health | All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi |
India,
Abdulla M, Suck C. Blood levels of copper, iron, zinc, and lead in adults in India and Pakistan and the effect of oral zinc supplementation for six weeks. Biol Trace Elem Res. 1998 Mar;61(3):323-31. — View Citation
Bhandari N, Bahl R, Taneja S, Strand T, Mølbak K, Ulvik RJ, Sommerfelt H, Bhan MK. Substantial reduction in severe diarrheal morbidity by daily zinc supplementation in young north Indian children. Pediatrics. 2002 Jun;109(6):e86. — View Citation
Bhutta ZA, Bird SM, Black RE, Brown KH, Gardner JM, Hidayat A, Khatun F, Martorell R, Ninh NX, Penny ME, Rosado JL, Roy SK, Ruel M, Sazawal S, Shankar A. Therapeutic effects of oral zinc in acute and persistent diarrhea in children in developing countries: pooled analysis of randomized controlled trials. Am J Clin Nutr. 2000 Dec;72(6):1516-22. — View Citation
Bhutta ZA, Black RE, Brown KH, Gardner JM, Gore S, Hidayat A, Khatun F, Martorell R, Ninh NX, Penny ME, Rosado JL, Roy SK, Ruel M, Sazawal S, Shankar A. Prevention of diarrhea and pneumonia by zinc supplementation in children in developing countries: pooled analysis of randomized controlled trials. Zinc Investigators' Collaborative Group. J Pediatr. 1999 Dec;135(6):689-97. — View Citation
Brooks WA, Santosham M, Naheed A, Goswami D, Wahed MA, Diener-West M, Faruque AS, Black RE. Effect of weekly zinc supplements on incidence of pneumonia and diarrhoea in children younger than 2 years in an urban, low-income population in Bangladesh: randomised controlled trial. Lancet. 2005 Sep 17-23;366(9490):999-1004. — View Citation
Brooks WA, Yunus M, Santosham M, Wahed MA, Nahar K, Yeasmin S, Black RE. Zinc for severe pneumonia in very young children: double-blind placebo-controlled trial. Lancet. 2004 May 22;363(9422):1683-8. — View Citation
Brown KH, Peerson JM, Rivera J, Allen LH. Effect of supplemental zinc on the growth and serum zinc concentrations of prepubertal children: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Am J Clin Nutr. 2002 Jun;75(6):1062-71. — View Citation
Cousins RJ, Leinart AS. Tissue-specific regulation of zinc metabolism and metallothionein genes by interleukin 1. FASEB J. 1988 Oct;2(13):2884-90. — View Citation
Dijkhuizen MA, Wieringa FT, West CE, Martuti S, Muhilal. Effects of iron and zinc supplementation in Indonesian infants on micronutrient status and growth. J Nutr. 2001 Nov;131(11):2860-5. — View Citation
Goel R, Misra PK. Study of plasma zinc in neonates and their mothers. Indian Pediatr. 1982 Jul;19(7):611-4. — View Citation
Herman S, Griffin IJ, Suwarti S, Ernawati F, Permaesih D, Pambudi D, Abrams SA. Cofortification of iron-fortified flour with zinc sulfate, but not zinc oxide, decreases iron absorption in Indonesian children. Am J Clin Nutr. 2002 Oct;76(4):813-7. — View Citation
Jeswani RM, Vani SN. A study of serum zinc levels in cord blood of neonates and their mothers. Indian J Pediatr. 1991 Sep-Oct;58(5):683-6. — View Citation
Lind T, Lönnerdal B, Stenlund H, Ismail D, Seswandhana R, Ekström EC, Persson LA. A community-based randomized controlled trial of iron and zinc supplementation in Indonesian infants: interactions between iron and zinc. Am J Clin Nutr. 2003 Apr;77(4):883-90. — View Citation
Mahalanabis D, Bhan MK. Micronutrients as adjunct therapy of acute illness in children: impact on the episode outcome and policy implications of current findings. Br J Nutr. 2001 May;85 Suppl 2:S151-8. — View Citation
Murray CJ, Lopez AD. Global mortality, disability, and the contribution of risk factors: Global Burden of Disease Study. Lancet. 1997 May 17;349(9063):1436-42. — View Citation
Prasad AS. Effects of zinc deficiency on Th1 and Th2 cytokine shifts. J Infect Dis. 2000 Sep;182 Suppl 1:S62-8. — View Citation
Schultink, W., Merzenich, M, Gross, R, Shrimpton, R, Dillon, D(1997). "Effects of iron-zinc supplementation on the iron, zinc, and vitamin A status of anamemic pre-school children. " Food and Nutrition Bulletin 18(4):311-16
Shankar AH, Prasad AS. Zinc and immune function: the biological basis of altered resistance to infection. Am J Clin Nutr. 1998 Aug;68(2 Suppl):447S-463S. Review. — View Citation
Singh PP, Khushlani K, Veerwal PC, Gupta RC. Maternal hypozincemia and low-birth-weight infants. Clin Chem. 1987 Oct;33(10):1950. — View Citation
Strand TA, Chandyo RK, Bahl R, Sharma PR, Adhikari RK, Bhandari N, Ulvik RJ, Mølbak K, Bhan MK, Sommerfelt H. Effectiveness and efficacy of zinc for the treatment of acute diarrhea in young children. Pediatrics. 2002 May;109(5):898-903. — View Citation
UNICEF. The State of the Worlds Children. New York, NY: Oxford University Press; 1999.
Zlotkin S, Arthur P, Schauer C, Antwi KY, Yeung G, Piekarz A. Home-fortification with iron and zinc sprinkles or iron sprinkles alone successfully treats anemia in infants and young children. J Nutr. 2003 Apr;133(4):1075-80. — View Citation
* Note: There are 22 references in all — Click here to view all references
Type | Measure | Description | Time frame | Safety issue |
---|---|---|---|---|
Primary | proportion with treatment failures | Within 3 weeks after enrollment | No | |
Secondary | the effect of zinc administration on plasma zinc and copper | up to three weeks | No | |
Secondary | The efficacy of zinc on the duration of severe bacterial illness | 3 weeks | No | |
Secondary | The efficacy of zinc given during severe bacterial illness on markers of inflammation | 3 weeks | No |
Status | Clinical Trial | Phase | |
---|---|---|---|
Active, not recruiting |
NCT05095324 -
The Biomarker Prediction Model of Septic Risk in Infected Patients
|
||
Completed |
NCT02714595 -
Study of Cefiderocol (S-649266) or Best Available Therapy for the Treatment of Severe Infections Caused by Carbapenem-resistant Gram-negative Pathogens
|
Phase 3 | |
Completed |
NCT03644030 -
Phase Angle, Lean Body Mass Index and Tissue Edema and Immediate Outcome of Cardiac Surgery Patients
|
||
Completed |
NCT02867267 -
The Efficacy and Safety of Ta1 for Sepsis
|
Phase 3 | |
Completed |
NCT04804306 -
Sepsis Post Market Clinical Utility Simple Endpoint Study - HUMC
|
||
Recruiting |
NCT05578196 -
Fecal Microbial Transplantation in Critically Ill Patients With Severe Infections.
|
N/A | |
Terminated |
NCT04117568 -
The Role of Emergency Neutrophils and Glycans in Postoperative and Septic Patients
|
||
Completed |
NCT03550794 -
Thiamine as a Renal Protective Agent in Septic Shock
|
Phase 2 | |
Completed |
NCT04332861 -
Evaluation of Infection in Obstructing Urolithiasis
|
||
Completed |
NCT04227652 -
Control of Fever in Septic Patients
|
N/A | |
Enrolling by invitation |
NCT05052203 -
Researching the Effects of Sepsis on Quality Of Life, Vitality, Epigenome and Gene Expression During RecoverY From Sepsis
|
||
Terminated |
NCT03335124 -
The Effect of Vitamin C, Thiamine and Hydrocortisone on Clinical Course and Outcome in Patients With Severe Sepsis and Septic Shock
|
Phase 4 | |
Recruiting |
NCT04005001 -
Machine Learning Sepsis Alert Notification Using Clinical Data
|
Phase 2 | |
Completed |
NCT03258684 -
Hydrocortisone, Vitamin C, and Thiamine for the Treatment of Sepsis and Septic Shock
|
N/A | |
Recruiting |
NCT05217836 -
Iron Metabolism Disorders in Patients With Sepsis or Septic Shock.
|
||
Completed |
NCT05018546 -
Safety and Efficacy of Different Irrigation System in Retrograde Intrarenal Surgery
|
N/A | |
Completed |
NCT03295825 -
Heparin Binding Protein in Early Sepsis Diagnosis
|
N/A | |
Not yet recruiting |
NCT06045130 -
PUFAs in Preterm Infants
|
||
Not yet recruiting |
NCT05361135 -
18-fluorodeoxyglucose Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography in S. Aureus Bacteraemia
|
N/A | |
Not yet recruiting |
NCT05443854 -
Impact of Aminoglycosides-based Antibiotics Combination and Protective Isolation on Outcomes in Critically-ill Neutropenic Patients With Sepsis: (Combination-Lock01)
|
Phase 3 |