Schizophrenia Clinical Trial
Official title:
Brain Blood Flow Changes Elicited by Oxytocin in Healthy and Schizophrenic Volunteers, an Assessment Using Positron Emission Tomography and 15-Oxygen Labeled Water
The purpose of this study is to assess how oxytocin delivered intranasally changes regional brain blood flow measured by positron emission tomography (PET) in conjunction with oxygen-15 labeled water in persons with schizophrenia. The objective is to better our understanding of oxytocin's role in the modulation of social judgment in schizophrenia and provide more information as to potential uses of oxytocin or a similar drug analog in treating certain features of schizophrenia and other neuropsychiatric disorders.
Schizophrenia is a severely debilitating psychiatric disorder that afflicts approximately 1%
of the population (American Psychiatric Association, 1994) and is a serious public health
problem. The specific mechanism of schizophrenia remains unknown. Affective responsivity and
adaptive social behaviors are fundamental impairments in people with schizophrenia. These
features have a detrimental impact on function in many areas of daily life. Unfortunately,
the brain mechanisms that underlie these problems are still not understood. This study will
use positron emission tomography (PET) and regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) measures to
ascertain the timing (1.5 hour period) of OT action on absolute regional brain activity in
schizophrenia (SZ) and healthy control (HC) subjects. Particular focus will be on the
amygdala, ventral striatum, anterior hippocampus and hypothalamus (neural regions involved in
affliative behavior). Subjects will be studied with intranasally administered oxytocin and
placebo while at rest and while making judgments about emotional faces. This approach will
tell us to what extent the amygdala and limbic system's physiological response to oxytocin is
predictive of a subject's behavioral sensitivity to this neuropeptide. The elucidation of
this information may have a significant impact on predicting functional outcome and novel
drug treatments in schizophrenia.
Functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies show that oxytocin modulates the
amygdala's response during social and emotional decisions. When administered intranasally, OT
may be beneficial for the treatment of negative symptoms in schizophrenia by enhancing a
person's affiliative behavior and diminishing distrust. It is not, however, known to what
extent intranasal oxytocin modifies regional neurotransmission and human brain metabolism.
There are at present no studies in animals or humans specifically examining the time course
action of OT on whole brain activity.
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