Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 Clinical Trial
Official title:
Effects of Pre-meal Drinks With Protein and Amino Acids on Glycemic and Metabolic Responses at a Subsequent Composite Meal
The purpose of the study was to investigate the efficacy of intake of whey or soy protein isolates, respectively, with or without supplementation of amino acids, on post-meal insulin secretion and glycaemic regulation. Additionally, the effect on plasma amino acids, gut hormones and ghrelin in plasma, as well as subjective satiety was investigated.
Hyperglycaemia in type 2 diabetes (T2D) is associated with an increased risk of
cardiovascular diseases, and it has been suggested that reduction of postprandial glycaemia
is just as important as lowering fasting blood glucose levels to reach optimal metabolic
control and reduce risk of complications in T2D. Observational studies indicate that milk
consumption reduces the risk of developing T2D, obesity and cardiovascular disease, and a
possible protective mechanism has been ascribed to the protein fraction. It has previously
been demonstrated that addition of whey proteins, co-ingested with carbohydrates, stimulates
insulin secretion and reduces postprandial glycaemia in both healthy subjects as well as in
T2D patients. The effect is mediated through the insulinogenic properties of whey that
appears to stem from a generation of a particular amino acid (AA) pattern in postprandial
blood after ingestion of whey proteins. In the presently described project it is
hypothesized that exchanging part of the whey protein for insulinogenic AA might be useful
to optimize an insulinogenic effect. Additionally, soy protein has been suggested to have
beneficial effects on insulin resistance and obesity as well on satiety. The possible effect
of soy protein on insulin response and glycaemic regulation is therefore also of interest.
A randomized, single blind, within-subject trial was performed. The test meals were provided
as breakfasts on 7 different occasions in random order with approximately 1 week between
each test. The test subjects were instructed to drink the protein drink immediately prior to
eating the standardized sandwich meal. Altogether, the protein drink and the sandwich meal
were to be consumed within 12 min.
;
Allocation: Randomized, Intervention Model: Crossover Assignment, Masking: Single Blind (Subject), Primary Purpose: Basic Science
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