View clinical trials related to Risky Health Behavior.
Filter by:Sexual assault on college campuses has reached epidemic proportions, yet the etiological variables responsible for violence against women in these contexts remain unclear. Work on the situational precipitants of sexual assault has relied primarily on women's retrospective accounts, but research has shown that autobiographical memory is plagued by error. This study will use Ecological Momentary Assessment (EMA) to obtain a better understanding of the contextual determinants of sexual assault, as well as the co-occurrence of victimization, risky sex, and substance use. These findings will inform the development of an Ecological Momentary Intervention (EMI) that will provide college women with personalized feedback about their level of risk for victimization and related adverse events. The effectiveness of EMA/EMI in decreasing rates of sexual assault, risky sexual behavior, and substance use then will be evaluated relative to an EMA-only and an assessment-only control group.
PrEP (pre-exposure prophylaxis) is an effective prevention strategy in which HIV-negative individuals take antiretroviral drugs (tenofovir disoproxil fumarate and emtricitabine - TDF/FTC) to reduce HIV acquisition. Clinical studies have shown that the TDF/FTC combination protects MSM and transgender women against HIV infection. According to the PROUD study, PrEP can decrease the risk of HIV infection among MSM by 86% (90% CI 64-96). The international community recognizes that PrEP can be an additional tool in the framework of a combination prevention package for those most at risk of contracting HIV. Data on HIV incidence among MSM and trans women are largely unknown. In Brazil, Mexico and Peru, data on the incidence of HIV among MSM and trans women are very scarce, limited to small cross-sectional studies.Current methods used to determine HIV-1 incidence have many limitations. These methods include mathematical modeling, retrospective calculations of AIDS case reports, age-based prevalence determinations, and prevalence determinations with multiple rounds of longitudinal surveys to estimate HIV incidence, which require numerous assumptions and inputs and can pose additional challenges in the era of expansion of antiretroviral therapy (ART) and increased survival of HIV-1 infected individuals. On the other hand, prospective longitudinal cohort studies of high-risk individuals can be used to estimate incidence; however, they are often labor-intensive, complex, very expensive, difficult to implement in most countries, and have recruitment biases. Laboratory methods can be unbiased and do not require complicated assumptions and case-by-case weighting. The cross-sectional use of Recent HIV Infection Tests (TRIs) based on biomarkers offers, in principle, accessible, reliable and low risk of bias options for estimating incidence.
This study will test the efficacy of a peer-education prevention intervention to reduce risky drug, alcohol, and sexual behaviors among male Tajik labor migrants who inject drugs (MWID) while working in Moscow. The peer educator intervention will be compared to a health education control intervention. Each intervention consists of 5 weekly 2-hour small group sessions. Follow-up assessments will be conducted at 3, 6, 9, and 12 months after the intervention. It is hypothesized that, compared to MWID who receive the health education control intervention, those who receive the peer educator intervention will have a greater reduction in the frequency of risk behaviors. Similar effects are expected for network members of intervention participants.
STUN Alcohol Use Now is an intervention designed to use primary care practice support services (practice facilitation) to help small to medium-size practices (10 or fewer providers) identify and provide services for people with unhealthy alcohol use. The original recruitment goal was 135 primary care practices in North Carolina, which we were unable to meet due to pandemic-related barriers.