View clinical trials related to Radiotherapy.
Filter by:The Stupp protocol is the standard treatment of glioblastoma multiform (GBM) which prognosis remains poor. The non-dividing nature of normal brain cells provides an opportunity to enhance the therapeutic ratio by combining radiation with inhibitors of replication-specific DNA repair pathways such poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors, thus inducing more cytotoxic effects of DNA-damage related to treatment modalities, including alkylating reagents like temozolomide (TMZ). Olaparib, a potent PARP inhibitor, overcomes apoptotic resistance and sensitizes GBM cells for death receptor-mediated apoptosis induced by TRAIL (Tumor necrosis factor-Related Apoptosis Inducing Ligand). Moreover, inhibition of PARP activity increases cellular sensitivity to ionizing radiation: it was even suggested to be more pronounced in tumors than in normal tissue. Lastly, progress in technical imaging and intensity-modulated-radiotherapy (IMRT) techniques provide new possibilities for sparing healthy tissues.
Hypoxic tumour cells within the primary tumour have shown prognostic importance for local and metastatic disease control in several cancer sites. Radioresistant hypoxic cells diminish the rate of local control, and the hypoxia driven increase in metastatic potential of the tumour and lowers the rate of distant disease control. DCE MR imaging has been used to quantify the extent of poor perfusion regions within cervical tumours and it has been shown to be a surrogate of hypoxia. Furthermore, a number of studies have demonstrated that DCE MR is predictive of disease failure in cervix cancer. The EMBRACE II study will implement an imaging sub-study, which will evaluate the value of quantitative MR imaging to identify patients at increased risk of disease recurrence (local, nodal and systemic).
This phase II trial studies the side effects and response of pulsed low dose rate radiation therapy in treating gastric cancer patients with peritoneal metastasis.
Rationale: Completely resected non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients with histologically confirmed N2 disease are a heterogeneous population, with 5-year survival rates ranging from 10% to 30%. Systemic recurrence following surgery is one of the major problems in stage IIIA(N2) patients, and the use of postoperative chemotherapy (POCT) in stage IIIA disease prolongs survival. The value of postoperative radiotherapy (PORT) for completely resected NSCLC remains controversial, as the effect on survival has been inconclusive. Recently, several large retrospective studies and reviews of the National Cancer Database indicated that modern PORT appears to confer an additional 5% survival advantage beyond that achieved with adjuvant chemotherapy alone. Actually, after complete resection and POCT, 20%-40% of cases have a risk of locoregional recurrence (LRR). Patients with completely resected stage IIIA(N2) disease might hold different postoperative patterns-of-failure and prognosis. It is not yet known for subsets with specific prognostic factors that confer lower LRR risks, whether giving PORT is more effective than no radiation therapy in treating patients with completely resected pathologic stage IIIA(N2) NSCLC. Purpose: This randomized phase II trial is studying the clinical efficacy of PORT administered using three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy (3D-CRT) techniques and the proposed standard PORT clinical target volume (CTV) delineation guideline in treating low risk of LRR patients with completely resected pathologic stage IIIA(N2) NSCLC.
Aim: To improve curability of radiotherapy in HNSCC patients identified by hypoxic FAZA-PET scanning
Hypoxic modification of radiotherapy with nimorazole has previously been shown to increase radiosensitivity in hypoxic head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC). In Denmark, nimorazole is added the radiotherapy of most HNSCC, as it has not previously been possible to discriminate more hypoxic tumours from less hypoxic tumours. A hypoxia gene profile has shown to discriminate between responders and non-responders to nimorazole. In DAHANCA 30, expected hypoxia profile guided non-responders are randomized to +/- nimorazole during radiotherapy.This in order to verify clinical use of the gene profile in selecting the relevant patients for hypoxic modification of radiotherapy with nimorazole.
Cerebral radiation necrosis (CRN) is a well-documented late complication of radiation therapy for cancers, and may have a devastating effect on the patient's quality of life (QOL). However,CRN was once regarded as a progressive and irreversible disease, no standard therapy has been suggested for CRN. In our clinical practice, we have used monosialotetrahexosylganglioside (GM1)to treat CRN, and found that GM1 can successfully reverse CRN. So we carried out this prospective study to test the efficacy of GM1 for CRN.
In Hong Kong, every 30 and 12.9 in 100,000 males and females respectively has nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). With early detection and advances in medical care, the number of NPC survivors post radiotherapy is rapidly growing in Hong Kong. One of the most distressing consequences post radiotherapy for NPC patients is swallowing disorder, or dysphagia. Dysphagia in NPC patients almost certainly cause frequent chest infection, dehydration, malnutrition and limitations to concurrent treatment such as oral medication. Given the existing large costs NPC patients incur to the healthcare system, dysphagia only serves to further inflate the soaring costs. In an attempt to reduce dysphagia related costs to the healthcare system, swallowing rehabilitation is offered to NPC patients. Currently, two major swallowing rehabilitation approaches are commonly adopted. The first is traditional rehabilitation, which involves patients performing various oropharyngeal exercises aimed at improving swallowing physiology. The other swallowing rehabilitation approach is transcutaneous electrical stimulation, which entails using small amount of electric current to increase muscle strength while patients are engaged in swallowing activities. These two methods are proven as effective in patients with stroke and head and neck carcinoma patients. Neither of these methods, nevertheless, yields any efficacy studies in treating NPC patients. Yet, clinicians continue to use either one or both rehabilitation methods as swallowing rehabilitation. This study aims to address the gap in efficacy studies on swallowing rehabilitation for NPC patients post radiotherapy. The research results should provide justification for rehabilitation time, clinicians' efforts, costs involved and resources used in rehabilitating the swallowing difficulties of the NPC patients.
Uveal Melanoma is the most common primary intraocular tumor in adults. Most tumors metastasize to the liver. So far no sensitive or specific serological tumor marker is routinely used. The marker "Melanoma inhibitory activity" is a promising marker. Study hypothesis is to detect metastatic lesions in an early stage. This would increase life expectance of our patients