View clinical trials related to Pulmonary Aspiration.
Filter by:Perioperative aspiration is particularly concerning in pregnant women due to anatomical changes. To mitigate this risk, pre-anesthetic fasting is recommended, with varying guidelines. Gastric ultrasound can non-invasively assess stomach contents, and mathematical models help estimate stomach volumes using the gastric antral cross-sectional area (CSA). This study aims to compare CSA and estimated gastric volumes through ultrasound in fasting diabetic and non-diabetic pregnant women scheduled for cesarean section, as diabetes may affect stomach fullness. Additionally, it will investigate the relation between demographic and clinical variables and CSA values. This research can shed light on diabetes' influence on aspiration risk in pregnancy and evaluate fasting guidelines, underscoring the significance of gastric ultrasound.
The purpose of this study is to determine the type of gastric content and quantify the volume of liquid gastric contents using ultrasonography in patients on GLP-1 agonists that have presented for elective surgery and to determine if risk factors are associated with a higher gastric volume in patients on GLP-1 receptor agonists.
Background and Aim: Pulmonary aspiration of gastric content is a serious perioperative complication. What is known about the pediatric patient's fasting time is usually based on parental history alone, but in some situation there may be doubts about an empty stomach in young children. Ultrasound examination of the gastric antrum is increasingly used and is emerging as a valuable perioperative noninvasive tool for the indirect assessment of gastric volumes in children. The objective of this prospective study was to assess the relationship between the cross-sectional area (CSA) of the antrum measured by gastric ultrasound and gastric volumes suctioned endoscopically, also to determine the best cut-off value of CSA for empty antrum in the pediatric population less than 24 months of age.
Laryngeal mask airway is inserted into the oral cavity and seals the upper esophagus and the surrounding tissue, effectively securing airway. Laryngeal mask airway has been widely adopted in the clinical practice. On the other hand, cricoid pressure has been used to reduce the risk of pulmonary aspiration of gastric contents during induction of general anesthesia. However, cricoid pressure might impede placement of the laryngeal mask airway, thereby preventing effective ventilation. Recently, left paratracheal pressure was introduced as an alternative to cricoid pressure and reported to be more effective than cricoid pressure in the prevention of gastric air insufflation during positive-pressure ventilation by facemask. Since this method compresses low left paratracheal level, it may affect the successful insertion of laryngeal mask airway. In this study, the investigators aimed to evaluate the effect of paratracheal esophagus pressure on the insertion of laryngeal mask airway compare to conventional cricoid pressure.
Anaesthesia and surgery has become more common in the elderly as the population survives longer. Anaesthesia in the elderly confers a higher risk which is related to the aging process and the diseases that accompany seniority. As such, there is a need to provide optimal anaesthetic management in order to minimize complications and risks perioperatively. One of the changes associated with ageing is the progressive decrease in protective laryngeal reflexes. Any depression of upper airway reflexes increases the chance of pulmonary aspiration and compromises the maintenance of the airway. Desflurane is an inhalational agent strongly favored due to its lower solubility in blood, lean tissue and fat as compared to sevoflurane. This enables the agent to be quickly eliminated at the end of surgery, with minimal metabolic breakdown, thus facilitating more rapid emergence as compared to sevoflurane anesthesia in elderly undergoing general anaesthesia. McKay et al conducted a study in 2005 in US, which showed that the choice of inhalational agent itself can influence the return of protective airway reflexes. In the study, the inhalational agent sevoflurane was found to cause significant impairment of swallowing, in comparison with desflurane(1). However, the aforementioned study focussed on the general population. As such, the purpose of this study is to determine whether the choice of inhalational anesthetic (sevoflurane versus desflurane) has similar influence on the return of protective airway reflexes in the geriatric population in Malaysia, and whether the significance is greater in the elderly population.