View clinical trials related to Public Health.
Filter by:To assess the correlation between aspects of the dyspnea scale (indicating poor functionality), the fall efficacy scale (indicating a higher fear of falling), and all aspects of the SF36 (indicating quality of life) in 3 age groups: adolescents, youth, and geriatrics.
Background: Rabies is a fatal disease that can be avoided by treating animal bites promptly. Hence, post-exposure prophylaxis is critical. As a result, the National Rabies Control Program was approved under the 12th five-year plan in India. One of its strategies is to engage in Information, Education and Communication activities. Social media provides an opportunity for the quick and easy dissemination of research but is constrained by a lack of peer review and the risk of misinterpretation. The efficacy of a novel social media-based knowledge dissemination strategy for rabies prevention was tested in this study. Methods: An experimental study design was followed, wherein 144 preclinical medical students of Maulana Azad Medical College, Delhi, India were included in each control and test group. The test group was administered the intervention, which exposed the participants to health education material via social media across a span of 30 days. Participants' knowledge, attitude and practices were observed before and after the study duration.
The limitations of applying social cognitive models to understand physical activity (PA) have led to the emergence of several new PA models within the past decade. The Multi-Process Action Control (M-PAC) is a comprehensive PA model that proposes intention is established from outcome expectations, perceived capability, and opportunity, then the success of translating this to behavior depends on affective judgments and behavioral-regulation. Over time, M-PAC proposes that behavior is can become maintained through the formation of identity and habit. The purpose of this study was to investigate the trajectory of change of these M-PAC constructs across time in a randomized controlled trial. Participants (n=85) were inactive new gym members and were randomized into a control (n=41) or intervention (n=44) group. The intervention group attended a workshop and received a booster phone call follow-up at week four. Measures for both groups included accelerometry and M-PAC at baseline and eight week follow-up.
The impact of living in a deprived area has far reaching consequences on maternal and infant health. Studies in England show women living in deprived areas have some of the poorest experiences of care, poor birth outcomes and are 50% more likely to die of pregnancy related complications than women in the least deprived neighbourhoods. Life expectancy has also stalled for women living in the most deprived areas and the global COVID-19 pandemic has further amplified existing health inequalities. The Social Determinants of Health (SDH) are the conditions in which people are born, grow, work, live, and age, and are mostly responsible for health inequities - the unfair and avoidable differences in health seen within and between populations. Evidence shows taking action on the SDH alongside Midwifery Continuity of Care (MCC) models, improves birth outcomes and reduces health inequalities. How midwives working in MCC models in areas of high deprivation address the SDH as part of their public health and prevention role is currently not clear. There is also a lack of qualitative evidence exploring the SDH from the perspectives of women themselves. Drawing on Constructivist Grounded Theory methods, this research will take place in a low-income setting in England. Through the use of semi-structured interviews with women and midwives working in an NHS MCC model, the study will generate theory to help explain how and indeed whether midwives take action to address the SDH as part of their public health role. The study also seeks to understand the SDH impacting upon women's lives and what mechanisms exist to support or obstruct engagement with the SDH. Examining these domains will contribute to the evidence base about the impact of MCC and the public health and prevention strategy in NHS maternity services.
Effective communication is a critical component of managing pandemic outbreaks like COVID-19. This study explores COVID-19 related public knowledge, perceptions, belief in public health recommendations, intent to comply with public health recommendations, trust in information sources and preferred information sources. Participants are invited to include detailed free-text answers to make sure their COVID-19 experiences are heard.
Introduction: A baseline assessment of surgical capacity is recommended as a first-step to inform national policy on surgical system strengthening. In Ethiopia, the World Health Organization's Situational Analysis Tool (WHO SAT) was adapted to assess surgical capacity as part of a national initiative: Saving Lives Through Safe Surgery (SaLTS). This study describes the process of adapting this tool and initial results. Methods: The new tool was used to evaluate fourteen hospitals in the Southern Nations, Nationalities, and People's Region of Ethiopia between February and March 2017. Two analytic methods were employed. To compare this data to international metrics, the WHO Service Availability and Readiness Assessment (SARA) framework was used. To assess congruence with national policy, data was evaluated against Ethiopian SaLTS targets.
The investigators performed a randomised controlled trial with 202 healthy university students in the Oslo area, with 50:50 in a yoga intervention group and a waitlist control group. Measures included symptoms of depression and anxiety, sleep problems, heart rate variability (HRV), well-being and mindfulness at week 0 (baseline), week 12 (post-intervention) and week 24 (follow-up).
Illegal gold miners in French Guiana, a French overseas territory ('département') located in Amazonia, often carry malaria parasites (up to 46.8%). While the Guiana Shield Region aims at malaria elimination, the high prevalence of Plasmodiumin this hard-to-reach population in conjunction with frequent incorrect use of artemisinin-based anti-malarials could favor the emergence of resistant parasites. Due to geographical and regulatory issues in French Guiana, usual malaria control strategies cannot be implemented in this particular context.Therefore, new strategies targeting this specific population in the forest are required. Numerous discussions among health institutions and scientific partners from French Guiana, Brazil and Suriname have led to an innovative project based on the distribution of kits for self-diagnosis and self-treatment of Plasmodium infections. The kit-distribution will be implemented at "resting sites", which are areas across the border of French Guiana regularly frequented by gold miners. The main objective is to increase the appropriate use and complete malaria treatment after a positive malaria diagnosis with a rapid test, which will be evaluated with before-and-after cross-sectional studies. Monitoring indicators will be collected from health mediators at the time of kit distribution and during subsequent visits, and from illegal gold miners themselves, through a smartphone application. The project funding is multisource, including Ministries of Health of the three countries, WHO/PAHO, and the European Union.
The major elements of the survey were sampling, questionnaire design, field survey and database construction. This survey incorporated the multistage stratified sampling scheme. Questionnaires include health status, utilization of health care, health behaviors, quality of life, and social economic status.
The promotion of physical activity (PA) is paramount to public health, yet interventions in the social cognitive tradition have yielded negligible improvements. Two reasons for these results may be the over reliance on intention as the proximal determinant of behaviour and a lack of consideration of implicit/automatic determinants of PA. The purpose of this study was to apply Multi-Process Action Control (M-PAC), a framework centered on PA intention-translation and the gradual building of habit to examine PA change using a two-arm parallel design, randomized controlled trial.