PI4 - A Trial Assessing Metformin to Prolong Gestation in Preterm Preeclampsia

Preeclampsia Clinical Trial

— PI4  

Official title:

Preeclampsia Intervention 4 - A Triple Blind Phase III Randomised Controlled Trial Assessing Metformin to Prolong Gestation in Preterm Preeclampsia

Clinical Trial Details — Status: Recruiting

Administrative data

• NCT number: NCT06033131
• Other study ID #: EU Trial nr: 2022-502707-2-00
• Status: Recruiting
• Phase: Phase 3
• Start date: January 19, 2024
• Est. completion date: July 31, 2029

Study information

• Verified date: March 2024
• Source: Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Sweden
• Contact: Lina Bergman, Ass Prof
• Phone: +463134307
• Email: lina.bergman[@]obgyn.gu.se
• Is FDA regulated: No
• Study type: Interventional

Clinical Trial Summary

Preterm preeclampsia is a severe condition for both the mother and the fetus. Currently, the only treatment available to stop disease progression is termination/delivery of the fetus and placenta. Therefore, preterm preeclampsia carries the highest rates of neonatal morbidity and mortality due to iatrogenic preterm birth. There is evidence suggesting metformin, a drug commonly used to treat diabetes in and outside pregnancy, may be able to counter the pathophysiology of preeclampsia, raising the possibility that it could be used to treat the condition. This multi centre double blind randomised controlled trial aims to investigate if metformin can prolong gestation, lower neonatal length of stay and increase birthweight in a Swedish setting.

Description:

Preeclampsia is globally responsible for 60,000 maternal deaths per year, and far greater numbers of fetal losses. Preterm preeclampsia is a severe variant with the highest rates of neonatal morbidity and mortality due to iatrogenic preterm birth (clinicians are forced to deliver the baby preterm for maternal or fetal health reasons). There is preclinical evidence suggesting metformin, a drug commonly used to treat diabetes in and outside pregnancy, may be able to counter the pathophysiology of preeclampsia, raising the possibility that it could be used to treat the condition. Previous research from the Preeclampsia Intervention 2 trial (PI2) show that metformin was able to delay delivery in early preterm preeclampsia. Metformin extended release (ER) was associated with a median 7.6-day prolongation of pregnancy (geometric mean ratio (GMR) 1.39 (95% CI 0.99 to 1.96) P=0.057).Trends towards increased birthweight (mean difference 110gm (95%CI -80 to 300), a decreased length of stay at the neonatal intensive care unit (median difference 5.0 days less; GMR 0.86, 95% CI 0.62 to 1.2) and a shorter period of admission in any neonatal ward (median difference 12.0 days less; GMR 0.82, 95% CI 0.57 to 1.18) in the metformin ER group were found. Importantly, while gastrointestinal side effects were common, no serious adverse events related to trial medications were observed. The PI 2 trial has shown that metformin may be a disease modifying treatment for preterm preeclampsia. The trial is being repeated in a larger scale in the PI3 trial in South Africa to also assess neonatal outcomes. In Sweden, the demographics of the population are different and expectant management of preeclampsia allows for the women to reach 37 weeks of gestation as opposed to 34 weeks of gestation in the PI2 trial. This trial aims to investigate if metformin can prolong gestation, lower neonatal length of stay and increase birthweight in a Swedish setting. Follow up of mothers and children will be carried out two years post partum.

Recruitment information / eligibility

• Status: Recruiting
• Enrollment: 294
• Est. completion date: July 31, 2029
• Est. primary completion date: July 31, 2027
• Accepts healthy volunteers: No
• Gender: Female
• Age group: 18 Years and older

Eligibility

Inclusion Criteria:

• A diagnosis of preeclampsia (defined as hypertension in combination with significant proteinuria (albumin/creatinine ratio >8 mg/mmol, protein/creatinine ratio>30 mg/mmol or >2+ protein on a urinary dipstick) has been made by the attending clinician
• The managing clinicians have made the assessment to proceed with expectant management.
• The subject has given written consent to participate in the study.
• The woman must be 18 years of age or older
• The gestational age is between 22+0 weeks to 33+6 weeks with a viable fetus
• The woman carries a singleton pregnancy

Exclusion Criteria:

• Contraindications to treatment with metformin as outlined in SmPC
• Contraindications for expectant management of preeclampsia such as an immediate indication for delivery according to SFOG guidelines for preeclampsia (https://www.sfog.se/media/338533/pe-riktlinje-230214.pdf).
• Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus
• Current use of metformin
• Concomitant medications that are not compatible with metformin such as glyburide, furosemide or cationic drugs (amiloride, digoxin, morphine, procainamide, quinidine, quinine, ranitidine, triamterene, trimethoprim and vancomycin)
• Known or suspected allergies against metformin
• Reluctance or language difficulties that result in difficulty understanding the meaning of study participation
• Unable to understand the informed consent process
• Previous participation in the study
• Established fetal compromise that necessitates imminent delivery (including planned delivery after 48 hours of corticosteroid treatment). This will be decided by the clinical team before expectant management is offered to the patient.
• Suspicion of a major known fetal anomaly or malformation.
• Renal disease or dysfunction, suggested by a creatinine level greater than or equal to 125 µmol/L or rapidly declining renal function
• Known acute or chronic metabolic acidosis, including diabetic ketoacidosis
• Not suitable for inclusion by the opinion of the investigator

Related Conditions & MeSH terms

• Pre-Eclampsia
• Preeclampsia

Intervention

Drug:
• Metformin ER
Metformin ER, one gram three times daily taken orally. Once the participants have been recruited, they will start by taking one 500 mg tablet three times a day. If well tolerated it will be increased day two to a maximum of two tablets three times a day. Treatment will continue until delivery. If there are side effects that are not tolerable, the dose will be decreased and the participant will remain blinded. Each participant will keep a treatment diary and number of tablets taken will be documented by the participant or hospital staff. The study will not alter or interfere with treatment or care routinely given for preterm preeclampsia.
• Placebo
Placebo, two tablets three times daily taken orally. Once the participants have been recruited, they will start by taking one tablet three times a day. If well tolerated it will be increased day two to a maximum of two tablets three times a day. Treatment will continue until delivery. If there are side effects that are not tolerable, the dose will be decreased and the participant will remain blinded. Each participant will keep a treatment diary and number of tablets taken will be documented by the participant or hospital staff. The study will not alter or interfere with treatment or care routinely given for preterm preeclampsia.

Locations

Country	Name	City	State
Sweden	Falu Lasarett	Falun
Sweden	Sahlgrenska University Hospital	Gothenburg
Sweden	Skåne University Hospital, Lund	Lund
Sweden	Skåne University Hospital, Malmö	Malmö
Sweden	Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge	Stockholm
Sweden	Karolinska University Hospital Solna	Stockholm
Sweden	Uppsala University Hospital	Uppsala

Sponsors (2)

Lead Sponsor	Collaborator
Lina Bergman	The Swedish Research Council

Country where clinical trial is conducted

Sweden, 

References & Publications (6)

Abalos E, Cuesta C, Grosso AL, Chou D, Say L. Global and regional estimates of preeclampsia and eclampsia: a systematic review. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol. 2013 Sep;170(1):1-7. doi: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2013.05.005. Epub 2013 Jun 7. — View Citation

Brownfoot FC, Hastie R, Hannan NJ, Cannon P, Tuohey L, Parry LJ, Senadheera S, Illanes SE, Kaitu'u-Lino TJ, Tong S. Metformin as a prevention and treatment for preeclampsia: effects on soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase 1 and soluble endoglin secretion and endothelial dysfunction. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2016 Mar;214(3):356.e1-356.e15. doi: 10.1016/j.ajog.2015.12.019. Epub 2015 Dec 22. — View Citation

Chappell LC, Cluver CA, Kingdom J, Tong S. Pre-eclampsia. Lancet. 2021 Jul 24;398(10297):341-354. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(20)32335-7. Epub 2021 May 27. — View Citation

Cluver CA, Hiscock R, Decloedt EH, Hall DR, Schell S, Mol BW, Brownfoot F, Kaitu'u-Lino TJ, Walker SP, Tong S. Use of metformin to prolong gestation in preterm pre-eclampsia: randomised, double blind, placebo controlled trial. BMJ. 2021 Sep 22;374:n2103. doi: 10.1136/bmj.n2103. — View Citation

Hu J, Zhang J, Zhu B. Protective effect of metformin on a rat model of lipopolysaccharide-induced preeclampsia. Fundam Clin Pharmacol. 2019 Dec;33(6):649-658. doi: 10.1111/fcp.12501. Epub 2019 Aug 13. — View Citation

Wang F, Cao G, Yi W, Li L, Cao X. Effect of Metformin on a Preeclampsia-Like Mouse Model Induced by High-Fat Diet. Biomed Res Int. 2019 Dec 7;2019:6547019. doi: 10.1155/2019/6547019. eCollection 2019. — View Citation

Outcome

Type	Measure	Description	Time frame	Safety issue
Primary	Pregnancy prolongation	Length of pregnancy from diagnosis of preeclampsia to delivery	From randomisation to delivery, measured in days and hours, up to 105 days
Secondary	Time for neonatal care	Time for neonatal care from birth to discharge	From birth to discharge from neonatal care, measured in days and hours, up to 126 days
Secondary	Neonatal birth weight	Birth wight measured in grams	At birth