Outcome
Type |
Measure |
Description |
Time frame |
Safety issue |
Primary |
Rate (%) of 30-day post-discharge hospitalization and ED visits (including hospitals at least statewide) |
A patient is readmitted to a hospital (including observation) or has an ED visit within 30 days of discharge (including all hospitals at least statewide), excluding foreseen readmissions, which include: transplants, chemotherapy or radiotherapy, treatment follow-up, rehabilitation care, and planned operations |
Hospitalization to a hospital or ED visit within 30 days of discharge (checking at least all same state facilities) |
|
Secondary |
Rate (%) of 30-day post-discharge hospitalization and ED visits (same-hospital) |
A patient is readmitted to the same hospital (including observation stays) or has an ED visit within 30 days of discharge, excluding foreseen readmissions, which include: transplants, chemotherapy or radiotherapy, treatment follow-up, rehabilitation care, and planned operations |
Hospitalization to the same hospital or ED visit within 30 days of discharge |
|
Secondary |
Rate (%) of 30-day post-discharge hospitalization and ED visits (same-hospital) stratified by receipt of different intervention components |
A patient is readmitted to the same hospital (including observation stays) or has an ED visit within 30 days of discharge. This outcome measure will analyze the outcome by whether patients received the intervention components (admission medication reconciliation, medication regimen review, actions to improve adherence, side effect management, drug level monitoring, discharge medication reconciliation, patient/caregiver education, motivational interviewing, post-discharge follow-up phone call, medication access, communication with PCP, communication with communication pharmacy, other). The investigators will exclude foreseen readmissions, which include: transplants, chemotherapy or radiotherapy, treatment follow-up, rehabilitation care, and planned operations. |
Hospitalization to the same hospital or ED visit within 30 days of discharge |
|
Secondary |
Rate (%) of 30-day post-discharge hospitalization and ED visits (same-hospital) stratified by whether patient has a diagnosis of congestive heart failure at admission |
A patient is readmitted to the same hospital (including observation stays) or has an ED visit within 30 days of discharge stratified by whether patient has a diagnosis of congestive heart failure at admission. The investigators will exclude foreseen readmissions, which include: transplants, chemotherapy or radiotherapy, treatment follow-up, rehabilitation care, and planned operations. |
Hospitalization to the same hospital or ED visit within 30 days of discharge |
|
Secondary |
Rate (%) of 30-day post-discharge hospitalization and ED visits (same-hospital), stratified by whether patient has three or more high risk medications (anticoagulants, antiplatelets, insulin, oral hypoglycemics) prior to admission |
A patient is readmitted to the same hospital (including observation stays) or has an ED visit within 30 days of discharge stratified by whether patient has three or more high risk medications (anticoagulants, antiplatelets, insulin, oral hypoglycemics) prior to admission. The investigators will exclude foreseen readmissions, which include: transplants, chemotherapy or radiotherapy, treatment follow-up, rehabilitation care, and planned operations. |
Hospitalization to the same hospital or ED visit within 30 days of discharge |
|
Secondary |
Rate (%) of 30-day post-discharge hospitalization and ED visits (same-hospital), stratified by whether patient has 10 or more medications prior to admission |
A patient is readmitted to the same hospital (including observation stays) or has an ED visit within 30 days of discharge stratified by whether patient has 10 or more medications prior to admission. The investigators will exclude foreseen readmissions, which include: transplants, chemotherapy or radiotherapy, treatment follow-up, rehabilitation care, and planned operations. |
Hospitalization to the same hospital or ED visit within 30 days of discharge |
|
Secondary |
Rate (%) of 30-day post-discharge hospitalization and ED visits (same-hospital) stratified by study site |
A patient is readmitted to the same hospital (including observation stays) or has an ED visit within 30 days of discharge stratified by study site. The investigators will exclude foreseen readmissions, which include: transplants, chemotherapy or radiotherapy, treatment follow-up, rehabilitation care, and planned operations. |
Hospitalization to the same hospital or ED visit within 30 days of discharge |
|
Secondary |
Rate (%) of 30-day post-discharge hospitalization and ED visits (same-hospital) stratified by patient medication adherence and literacy |
A patient is readmitted to the same hospital (including observation stays) or has an ED visit within 30 days of discharge stratified by patient medication adherence and literacy (as assessed by study pharmacists, in addition to using limited English proficiency as a proxy for low medication literacy). The investigators will exclude foreseen readmissions, which include: transplants, chemotherapy or radiotherapy, treatment follow-up, rehabilitation care, and planned operations. |
Hospitalization to the same hospital or ED visit within 30 days of discharge |
|
Secondary |
Rate (%) of 30-day post-discharge hospitalization and ED visits (same-hospital) stratified by quintiles of patient socioeconomic status (estimated via median income of home census tract) |
A patient is readmitted to the same hospital (including observation stays) or has an ED visit within 30 days of discharge stratified by patient socioeconomic status (estimated via median income of home census tract). The investigators will exclude foreseen readmissions, which include: transplants, chemotherapy or radiotherapy, treatment follow-up, rehabilitation care, and planned operations. |
Hospitalization to the same hospital or ED visit within 30 days of discharge |
|
Secondary |
Rate (%) of new BZR discharge prescriptions among patients not taking BZRs prior to admission |
A dichotomous variable for a new discharge prescription of BZRs among patients not taking BZRs prior to admission. |
Patients not taking BZRs prior to admission |
|
Secondary |
Rate (%) of increased BZR dose prescription among patients taking BZRs prior to admission |
A dichotomous variable for an increased dose prescription among patients taking BZRs prior to admission. |
Patients taking BZRs prior to admission |
|
Secondary |
Rate (%) of post-hospitalization fall-related injuries as healthcare utilization (hospitalization, ED visits, urgent care visits, or office visits) |
The investigators define post-hospitalization fall-related injuries as healthcare utilization (hospitalization, ED visits, urgent care visits, or office visits) due to fall-related injuries within 30 days of discharge of the index admission. The investigators will link Medicare claims data to trial data to track this outcome at the individual patient level. |
Fall-related injuries within 30 days of discharge of the index admission |
|
Secondary |
Rate of 30 day post-discharge hospitalizations and ED visits (same hospital) stratified by patient age groups |
A patient is readmitted to the same hospital (including observation stays) or has an ED visit within 30 days of discharge stratified by patient age groups. The investigators will exclude foreseen readmissions, which include: transplants, chemotherapy or radiotherapy, treatment follow-up, rehabilitation care, and planned operations. |
Hospitalization to the same hospital or ED visit within 30 days of discharge |
|
Secondary |
Rate of 30 day post-discharge hospitalizations and ED visits (same hospital) stratified according to time periods that had changes in the intervention and control arms |
A patient is readmitted to the same hospital (including observation stays) or has an ED visit within 30 days of discharge stratified according to time periods that had changes in the intervention and control arms. The investigators will exclude foreseen readmissions, which include: transplants, chemotherapy or radiotherapy, treatment follow-up, rehabilitation care, and planned operations. |
Hospitalization to the same hospital or ED visit within 30 days of discharge |
|
Secondary |
Rate of 30 day post hospitalization in ED visits (same hospital) restricted to medication-related utilization |
A patient is readmitted to the same hospital (including observation stays) or has an ED visit within 30 days of discharge restricted to medication-related utilization. The investigators will exclude foreseen readmissions, which include: transplants, chemotherapy or radiotherapy, treatment follow-up, rehabilitation care, and planned operations. |
Hospitalization to the same hospital or ED visit within 30 days of discharge |
|
Secondary |
Rate of 7 day post-discharge hospitalization medication-related post-discharge utilization. |
A patient is readmitted to the same hospital (including observation stays) or has an ED visit within 7 days of discharge by hospitalization medication-related post-discharge utilization. The investigators will exclude foreseen readmissions, which include: transplants, chemotherapy or radiotherapy, treatment follow-up, rehabilitation care, and planned operations. |
Hospitalization to the same hospital or ED visit within 7 days of discharge |
|
Secondary |
Rate (%) of 30-day post-discharge hospital utilization with ED visits, observation stays, and inpatient readmissions counted separately (including hospitals at least statewide). |
A patient is readmitted to a hospital under inpatient or observation status or has an ED visit within 30 days of discharge (including hospitals at least statewide). The investigators will exclude foreseen readmissions, which include: transplants, chemotherapy or radiotherapy, treatment follow-up, rehabilitation care, and planned operations. |
Hospitalization to a hospital or ED visit within 30 days of discharge (checking at least all same state facilities) |
|
Secondary |
30-day, all-cause mortality after hospital discharge |
All-cause mortality rate and survival analysis through Day 30 after hospital discharge. |
Death occurring within 30 days after hospital discharge |
|
Secondary |
Rate (%) of 30 day post-discharge hospitalizations and ED visits (same hospital) among patients who were enrolled and received the intervention, compared to patients who were eligible yet not enrolled during the study period. |
A patient is readmitted to the same hospital (including observation stays) or has an ED visit within 30 days of discharge. The investigators will exclude foreseen readmissions, which include: transplants, chemotherapy or radiotherapy, treatment follow-up, rehabilitation care, and planned operations. |
Hospitalization to the same hospital or ED visit within 30 days of discharge |
|