Sleep Disorder Clinical Trial
Official title:
Polymorphisms, Caffeine and Sleep Disorders
Screening of a population of volunteer workers recruited on the occasion of their
occupational health visit, within the Ministry of Defense and civil enterprises.
The voluntary subjects included will, after signing a consent, take a saliva sample (Kit
Oragen DNA OG500) and fill out a computerized questionnaire.
A posteriori, the genotyping polymorphisms may be associated with variations in the
pharmacokinetics or pharmacodynamics of caffeine will be achieved.
The primary objective is to determine whether polymorphisms (alone or in combination) of
genes associated with the pharmacokinetics or pharmacodynamics of caffeine are independent
risk factors for sleep disorders.
The secondary objectives are to determine the frequency of these polymorphisms and to
evaluate the consequences of these associations on sleep habits (sleep time, chronotype,
quality of sleep), daytime sleepiness, caffeine consumption, antecedents of accidents at work
or traffic, drug consumption ...
Coffee is one of the most consumed drinks in the world and its consumption has doubled in 20
years. Because of the health benefits of caffeine (present in many foods and medicines), but
also adverse effects, its physiological actions deserve to be better known and its use better
framed.
Indeed, caffeine is the most used psychoactive substance to prevent the deterioration of the
cognitive performance of night workers and soldiers in operation. Its "strategic" use is even
recommended in many armies. In its sustained-release dosage form (Caffeine 300 mg), it is the
only drug, increasing alertness, authorized in the French military. Caffeine also has
beneficial effects on inflammatory response, muscle activity, insulin sensitivity,
cardiovascular risk, weight gain, neuroprotection, chronic pain. Usual consumption of 2 to 3
coffees a day is recommended by the American Nutrition Society.
However, coffee consumption is associated with many side effects such as anxiety, sleep
disorders, increased blood pressure, cardiovascular and obstetric conditions or depression.
Many authors therefore recommend limiting its use. In particular, it is considered a risk
factor for sleep disorders such as insomnia.
The physiological effects and sensitivity to side effects of caffeine are characterized by
very high individual variability3 related to age, sex, habitual coffee consumption, smoking,
but also to genetic polymorphisms. Indeed, multiple polymorphisms are associated with changes
in pharmacokinetics (see Table 1) or pharmacodynamics (efficacy, see Table 2) of caffeine.
Sensitivity to caffeine is associated in particular with greater vulnerability to sleep
deprivation, sleep disorders and stress.n particular, polymorphisms of the adenosine receptor
(ADORA) gene, a therapeutic target for caffeine, are particularly involved in the individual
variability of caffeine sensitivity, side effects and consumption habits. But many other
polymorphisms of genes encoding enzymes involved in metabolism or physiological effects are
also associated with the individual variability of caffeine.
On the other hand, some gene polymorphisms such as the adenosine deaminase gene (ADA) which
degrades caffeine and regulates intra- and extracellular concentrations, are associated with
greater vulnerability to sleep deprivation, without the effects on caffeine sensitivity are
known.
Currently, it is difficult to assess the impact of these polymorphisms on the beneficial
effects and / or risks associated with caffeine consumption due to their number and
lifestyle, including coffee consumption. In other words, are sleep disorders favored by
polymorphism and / or habitual consumption of caffeine? Are there profiles of high
vulnerability to sleep deprivation and sensitivity to caffeine? Do these polymorphisms have a
link with burnout, work stress, diseases?
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