Clinical Trial Details
— Status: Completed
Administrative data
NCT number |
NCT04852510 |
Other study ID # |
SGHM-JAN2019-OBGYN |
Secondary ID |
|
Status |
Completed |
Phase |
Phase 2/Phase 3
|
First received |
|
Last updated |
|
Start date |
February 1, 2019 |
Est. completion date |
August 31, 2020 |
Study information
Verified date |
April 2021 |
Source |
Saudi German Hospital - Madinah |
Contact |
n/a |
Is FDA regulated |
No |
Health authority |
|
Study type |
Interventional
|
Clinical Trial Summary
Objective: To investigate the potential benefit of adding Thymoquinone to Metformin in
alleviating symptoms of polycystic ovarian syndrome.
Methods: 207 overweight and obese PCOS Patients were divided into two groups. Patients in
Group A, received Metformin 500 mg three times daily for 6 months. Patients in Group B,
received a combination of Metformin 500 mg and Thymoquinone in the form of Black Cumin oil
500 mg capsules three times daily for 6 months. Follow up was done after 3 and 6 months from
the beginning of the study for evaluation of menstrual cycle pattern, body mass index, Waist
circumference, Hip circumference, and Waist / Hip ratio, Oral glucose tolerance test,
Glycosylated Hemoglobin A1C, Superoxide dismutase activity and Malondialdehyde concentration.
Description:
This randomized clinical trial was conducted in the department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology
at the Saudi German Hospital, Madinah-KSA, during the period from February 2019 to August
2020. The study included 207 patients who fulfilled the following inclusion criteria: age of
18 to 35 years, overweight and obese PCOS patients (overweight defined as body mass index
(BMI) 25-29.9 kg/m2 and obesity defined as BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2) attending the outpatient clinic,
complaining of amenorrhea or oligomenorrhea with or without hirsutism. Amenorrhea was defined
as absence of menstruation for six or more months. Oligomenorrhea was defined as cycle
interval of more than 35 days but less than 6 months. PCOS was diagnosed according to the
2004 Rotterdam ESHRE/ASRM Consensus workshop, with presence of at least 2 out of 3 criteria:
oligo- and/or anovulation, clinical and/or biochemical hyperandrogenism, and polycystic
ovarian morphology identified by ultrasound with more than 12 small antral follicles in an
ovary, with exclusion of other related aetiologies like androgen-secreting tumours,
congenital adrenal hyperplasia, and hyperprolactinemia. Prediabetes patients who are at
increased risk of developing diabetes, as defined by the American Diabetes Association 2014,
were included. Those patients had; impaired fasting glucose (IFG) defined as fasting plasma
glucose (FPG) levels of 100 to 125 mg/dL (Fasting was described as no caloric intake for at
least 8 hours), or impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) defined as 2-hour readings of 140 to 199
mg/dL in the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). Patients who were considered at very high
risk of developing diabetes according to the International Expert Committee 2009 were also
included. Those patients had their Glycosylated Hemoglobin A1C levels between 5.7% and 6.4%.
Exclusion criteria were: lean or average weight PCOS with BMI < 25 kg/m2, morbidly obese
patients with BMI ≥ 35 kg/m2, patients suffering from any other metabolic disorders, history
of receiving any hormonal treatment or any drug affecting carbohydrate metabolism 3 months
prior to the beginning of the study, and inability to attend the regular follow up visits.
Already known and recently diagnosed diabetic patients were excluded from the study.
According to the American Diabetes Association 2014, diabetes mellitus was defined as
Glycosylated Hemoglobin A1C levels ≥ 6.5% or FPG ≥ 126 mg/dL or 2-hour plasma glucose
readings ≥ 200 mg/dL during 75 g OGTT, or presence of classic symptoms of hyperglycemia with
random plasma glucose levels ≥ 200 mg/dL. Thyroid diseases and hyperprolactinemia were
treated before participation.
The Study was in accordance with the Helsinki declaration 1964 and its later amendments. The
study protocol was approved by the local ethics committee. All patients signed an informed
consent before participation.
During the first booking visit, initial assessment was carried out with detailed history
taking, including personal, medical, surgical, obstetric and menstrual history. General
examination was done with measurement of BMI, waist circumference (WC), hip circumference
(HC) and waist: hip ratio (WHR).
BMI had the disadvantage of not truly representing the body fat distribution and hence the
nature of obesity as concluded by many studies. So, the waist circumference, hip
circumference and waist: hip ratio were selected as more convenient measures of abdominal
visceral fat and hence important clinical markers to predict patients at risk of developing
DM and cardiovascular diseases.
Measurements were carried out according to the World Health Organization (WHO) STEPS protocol
2008. Waist circumference was measured at the midpoint between the lower margin of the last
palpable rib and the top of the iliac crest. Hip circumference was measured around the widest
portion of the buttocks. For both measurements, the tape was adjusted parallel to the floor
at the level at which the measurement was made. The tape was held snugly around the body, but
not pulled so tight. The patient was standing with feet close together, arms at the sides and
body weight evenly distributed across the feet. The waist circumference was measured at the
end of a normal expiration, when the lungs are at their functional residual capacity. Because
many individuals unconsciously react to waist measurements by sucking their abdominal wall,
the patients were advised to relax and take a few natural breaths before the actual
measurement was made. Each measurement was repeated twice; if the measurements were within 1
cm of one another, the average was calculated. If the difference between the two measurements
exceeded 1 cm, the two measurements were repeated.
During the booking visit; a basal pelvic ultrasound was done for virgin participants and
transvaginal ultrasound (TVS) for non-virgin patients. Blood samples were also collected for
OGTT, Glycosylated Hemoglobin A1C levels, estimation of SOD activity and MDA concentrations.
The oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) was performed in the morning after an overnight
fasting of at least 8 hours, utilizing a glucose load containing the equivalent of 75 grams
of anhydrous glucose dissolved in water. Glycosylated Hemoglobin A1C levels were also
measured.
For estimation of SOD activity, centrifugation of the blood samples was done at 1000 g for 10
minutes, the serum was frozen and stored at -80 °C until the time of analysis. SOD activity
was based on the ability of the enzyme to inhibit the reduction of nitro blue tetrazolium dye
mediated by phenazine methosulphate. The purified SOD inhibits the initial rate of reduction
of (O2 to O2-) mediated by the activated phenazine methosulphate which then reduces the nitro
blue tetrazolium. The percentage of inhibition was then calculated and compared to the
standard of 0.5 μg of the enzyme that produced inhibition of 80 % (activity = 3.000 units/mg
protein). The SOD activity was finally expressed as units of enzymatic activity per mg of
protein contained in the samples (U/mg protein).
Malondialdehyde (MDA) concentrations were measured in µmol/liter using the derivatization MDA
with thiobarbituric acid (TBA) based on spectrophotometric determination of pink fluorescent
MDA-TBA complex produced after reaction with 2-thiobarbituric acid at high temperature and
low pH. The assay kits for MDA and SOD were products of (Cell Biolabs Inc, San Diego, USA).
Patients were divided into two groups (A and B) using a computer-based software Open Epi
version 3.21. Patients in Group A, received Metformin 500 mg three times daily (5) with meals
for 6 months (Metfor® 500 mg, Metformin hydrochloride tablets. TABUK Pharmaceutical. KSA).
Patients in Group B, received a combination of Metformin 500 mg three times daily with meals
(Metfor® 500 mg, Metformin hydrochloride tablets. TABUK Pharmaceutical. KSA) and Thymoquinone
(TQ) in the form of Black Cumin oil (Cumin Mar® Black cumin oil 500 mg soft gel capsules,
MARNYS. Spain) three times daily before meals for 6 months.
Patients were instructed not to receive any non-study drug during the study period, to
increase their physical activity by performing aerobic physical exercise (moderate level for
two hours and thirty minutes weekly or vigorous level for one hour and fifteen minutes
weekly) divided over at least three days of the week, and to consume a low caloric diet.
All patients were advised to attend for follow up after 3 and 6 months from the beginning of
the study for evaluation of their BMI, waist circumference, hip circumference, and waist /
hip ratio and to withdraw a blood sample for OGTT, A1C, SOD activity and MDA concentration.
Patients were also asked about their menstrual cycle pattern.
The primary study outcomes were; the resumption of regular menstrual cycles, weight reduction
as detected by decreased BMI, change of body fat distribution as proved by reduced Waist/Hip
ratio, improvement of the glycemic control as documented by normalization of OGTT and A1C and
regaining the normal oxidative balance as evidenced by decreased MDA concentration and
increased SOD activity.