View clinical trials related to Polio.
Filter by:The purpose of this phase Ib study is to evaluate the safety of a Sabin Inactivated Poliovirus Vaccine (sIPV) in adults and children, and the safety and immunogenicity of it in infants. 20 adults aged 18~45 years and 20 children aged 4 years were only administered one dose of sIPV with high D antigen content. 20 infants aged 2 months (60~90 days) were administered three doses of sIPV with high D antigen content, on the month 0, 1, 2 schedule. Serum samples were collected before the 1st dose and 30 days after the 3rd dose vaccination to assess the immunogenicity in infants. Adverse events occurring within 30 days after each dose were collected to assess the safety.
In this study, the safety and tolerability of inactivated polio vaccine (IPV) co-administered with dmLT will be assessed, as well as whether co-administration of dmLT with IPV enhances mucosal responses compared to those with IPV alone.
Faced with high rates of immunization drop-out, Uganda's immunization program requires innovative approaches to address this weakness. Building upon Uganda's growing mHealth infrastructure to pilot a scalable short message service (SMS) system to remind caregivers of their children's upcoming vaccination visits, it was hypothesized that the SMS intervention will increase immunization coverage in a cost-effective and affordable manner that would make it scalable. The study design was an investigator-blinded, multi-center, parallel groups randomized controlled trial with randomization occurring at the caregiver level in select health facilities of Arua District in Uganda. Enrollment took place at the time of Pentavalent 1 vaccination, and both arms included standard of care provided by the health worker. However, in the intervention arm, caregivers also received SMS text messages reminding them to return for their children's second and third doses of Pentavalent vaccine (four and eight weeks after the first dose of Pentavalent vaccine) and measles-containing vaccine (9 months of age). The primary outcome of interest is vaccination coverage at 12 months of age among children enrolled in the study and will be measured by comparing Penta3 and MCV coverage between arms. The study will also examine the SMS impact on timeliness of vaccine receipt, as it is hypothesized that those children receiving the SMS intervention will be more likely to have timely vaccination than those in the control group. The study will also assess caregiver acceptability and cost-effectiveness of the SMS intervention. In addition to assessing its impact on strengthening the immunization program, this intervention has implications for strengthening other programs of the health system through similar health messaging directed toward caregivers.
Polio is an acute transmissible disease caused by any of the three polio virus serotypes (types 1, 2 or 3). In Mozambique, polio vaccination is part of the immunization schedule of the expanded vaccination program. The oral vaccine (OPV) is administered at months 0,2,3, and 4 and a single dose of the inactivated poliovirus vaccine (IPV) is given intramuscularly at month 4. In 2016 shortage of IPV supply caused stock-outs and put strain on IPV use for routine immunizations as well as for poliovirus outbreak response. Therefore, assessment of new vaccine regimens using smaller doses of IPV are needed. Administration of fractionated IPV (fIPV), i.e., 1/5 (0.1mL) of the standard dose, intradermally has shown to be safe and to provide an immune response similar to the standard dose of IPV that is currently given intramuscularly. However, intradermal administration of fIPV is technically difficult and many countries are hesitant to adopt fIPV in their routine immunization schedules. Therefore, the investigators need data confirming that the use of the fIPV vaccine intramuscularly is safe and the immune response is not inferior to the use of fIPV intradermally. Study Objective: to compare the immunogenicity of fIPV administered intramuscularly or intradermally in infants at 2 and 4 months of age. Study Hypotheses: the seroconversion rate after administration of one or two doses of fIPV intramuscularly is not inferior to the fIPV intradermally. The priming effect after fIPV administered intramuscularly is not inferior to the fIPV intradermally. Study Methods: This will be a phase II non-inferiority clinical trial. 360 children will be enrolled in two study groups, with prior consent of the parents / guardians. In group I, 180 children will receive 0.1 ml of IPV intramuscularly and in group II 180 children will receive the same dose intradermally. There will not be a group control. The children will be selected at birth at pre-defined health units in Maputo city. The fractional IPV vaccine will be given to children at 2 and 4 months of age during routine vaccinations. In total there will be four study visits, of which the first two are vaccination visits. All visits will be performed at the health units. 1 ml of blood will be collected at each study visit to assess the immune response before and after vaccination. Data will be collected by trained and qualified personnel and in accordance with Good Clinical Practice standards. Adverse events following administration of the vaccine will be monitored and all serious adverse events will be reported to ethics and regulatory committees, and to World Health Organization (WHO). Evaluation of the immune response: Seroconversion rates and priming effect will be evaluated. Serum will be tested for the presence of neutralizing antibodies against poliovirus using standard neutralization assays and immunogenicity will be assessed by titration of anti-polio 2 immunoglobulin G.
Polio is a serious disease that can cause paralysis and death. It is caused by a virus and can be prevented by vaccine. The World Health Organization's (WHO) Global Polio Eradication Initiative is trying to get rid of all polio disease around the world. Researchers want to help by testing a new vaccine. In many countries, people are vaccinated with oral polio vaccine (OPV) given by mouth during childhood. OPV is good at giving immunity (protection from polio) in the body and the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. Immunity in the GI tract is called mucosal immunity. The downsides of using OPV are that it can be shed into the environment in people's feces after vaccination where it can infect people who are not vaccinated, and it can cause paralysis in 2-4 of every one million children vaccinated with OPV. The United States (U.S.) stopped giving any OPV to people for vaccinations in the 1990's. Since then, a polio vaccine called inactivated polio vaccine (IPV) is given as an injection for routine childhood immunizations in the U.S. You cannot get polio infection from IPV and it will not be shed into the environment. In 2016, the WHO started a plan to help other countries gradually get rid of OPV. The downside of using IPV by itself is that, unlike OPV, it doesn't give enough mucosal immunity to protect people living in places where there is still polio. There are also supply shortages of IPV, which is a problem if there are outbreaks of polio. For the supply of IPV to help more people, it is safe and effective to use a tiny dose of IPV injected under the top layer of skin (intradermal or ID injection) rather than getting the full dose in the muscle. This is called a fractional dose of IPV, or fIPV. To help stop using OPV globally, a better fIPV vaccine is needed. fIPV vaccine needs a substance to help stimulate a mucosal immune response. dmLT is a substance that has been shown to stimulate a mucosal immune response. It has been shown to be safe and effective in both humans and animals, both by itself and when given with other vaccines. This study will test a mixture of fIPV-dmLT given intradermally (under the outer layer of the skin). This is the first study done in humans to give this combination intradermally. The IPV vaccine has already been approved by the FDA. The fIPV-dmLT vaccine has not been approved by the FDA.
Previous studies have shown that a small incentive can have a large impact on health behaviors like vaccinating children. New Incentives, an international non-governmental organization (NGO), aims to boost demand for immunization by offering cash incentives to caregivers who have their child vaccinated at a program clinic. In collaboration with New Incentives, IDinsight is conducting a study to see whether this approach will increase immunization in North West Nigeria. This study aims to investigate whether giving cash to caregivers in North West Nigeria who bring their infants to receive vaccination against common infections (tuberculosis, diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis, hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, Haemophilus influenzae Type B (Hib), pneumococcal bacteria, measles, rotavirus, polio, yellow fever) increases the proportion of children who are immunized. The study's main hypothesis is that New Incentives' program will increase the percentage of children immunized with BCG, any PENTA, or Measles 1 by an average increase of at least 7-percentage points across all program clinics that share a similar profile to the clinics New Incentives will operate in at scale. The study is taking place in Jigawa, Katsina, and Zamfara States between August 2017 and January 2020.
This study will be used to develop a tool to streamline poliovirus environmental surveillance for the polio endgame and to provide a tool for detecting polio in places where there is no capacity to carry out the gold standard culture-based detection.
The study has two arms; both experimental and control areas will receive standard interventions given under polio eradication program of PCI. Participants in the experimental arm receive additional interventions on nutrition (improve diet diversity in pregnant women and children of 6-23 months) for exact 12 months. The study includes awareness generation (regarding nutrition) through community mobilization, counseling and capacity building of community mobilization.
Routine childhood immunization (RCI) in Pakistan is well below the recommended coverage of 90% with rates as low as 16% in certain regions (Pakistan DHS 2012-3). This has led to continued polio transmission, large measles outbreaks and thousands of deaths from vaccine-preventable diseases (Kazi.Bull WHO 2016). Mobile phone communication is widespread in developing countries and has proven a potential method of directly connecting pregnant women and mothers to health services (Kharbanda. Expert Review of Vaccine 2014). The investigators propose conducting a mixed methods proof of concept cluster randomized trial (CRT) to assess the effectiveness of different types of SMS messaging and automated calls to improve RCI and understand the perceptions and barriers that may affect SMS and automated call-based interventions at participants levels. the investigators will conduct the study at urban and rural sites in Pakistan. The investigators will examine an important public health question - do low cost, automated SMS, and automated messages improve RCI coverage in resource-constrained settings? Further, investigators will compare the effectiveness of reminder, educational and interactive text messages for improving RCI and will generate socio-cultural data regarding the impact of participants health beliefs that will be important for setting up the appropriate interventions in other LMICs.
The purpose of this study is to evaluate the immunogenicity and safety of different sequential immunization strategies by Sabin IPV and bOPV in Chinese infants.