Placenta Accreta Clinical Trial
Official title:
Bladder Filling in Cesarean Hysterectomy for Placenta Percreta: A Randomized Trial
The placenta accreta spectrum (PAS) which includes accreta, increta, and percreta represents
a significant obstetric challenge. PAS complicates as many as 1 per 500 pregnancies and this
risk is increased with prior cesarean deliveries. Antenatal diagnosis of PAS allows for
multidisciplinary planning and delivery before the onset of labor and/or vaginal bleeding.
This approach has reduced maternal morbidity rates. including less blood loss, fewer
transfusion requirements and, intraoperative urinary tract injury as well as improve fetal
outcome.
Ultrasound evaluation is the recommended first-line modality for diagnosing PAS. Ultrasound
features suggestive of PAS include loss of the normal retroplacental clear zone, attenuation
of the uterine-bladder interface, reduced retroplacental myometrial thickness, presence of
intraplacental lacunar spaces, and bridging vessels between the placenta and bladder. A
systematic review reported that the antenatal diagnosis of PAS significantly lowered the rate
of urinary tract injury (from 63% to 39%) during cesarean hysterectomies in these cases.
Unlike other elective cesarean hysterectomies, cesarean hysterectomy with a placenta previa
increta/percreta, is more difficult. There is a greater need to both keep a margin from the
vascular cervical-placental mass and simultaneously protect the urinary bladder. Case series
reported that bladder filling helps the surgeon to more clearly identify the planes of
dissection and secure the engorged aberrant vessels, thereby reduces bladder injury.
Accordingly, a prospective randomized study in pregnant patients with placenta previa
increta/percreta undergoing elective cesarean hysterectomy will be conducted to address this
important issue.
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