Outcome
Type |
Measure |
Description |
Time frame |
Safety issue |
Primary |
Change in Tongue Strength |
Tongue strength will be measured by the tongue pressure measuring device. The measurement will be in the form of placing a bulb filled with air and designed to transmit pressure, just behind the anterior teeth, on the hard palate, and the tongue compresses this bulb and transmits the pressure to the device. People will be asked to lift their tongue and press the bulbous for about three seconds. 3 measurements will be made in front and back of the tongue separately. In the anterior tongue evaluation, the bulb is placed in the palate just behind the teeth, and in the posterior tongue evaluation, the bulb is placed in the hard palate. It has been shown that it is valid and safe to measure the strength of the front and back regions of the tongue by this method.Measurements are recorded in kPa. The value of change in tongue strength expresses the effect of intervention on tongue strength. Higher kPa values mean strong tongue. Increasing in change implies that more force is being generated. |
The outcome will be assessed at baseline and immediately after intervention. |
|
Primary |
Change in Pain Threshold |
Pain threshold will be measured with an algometer. The areas to be measured in this study were determined as masseter muscle (2.5 cm in front of the tragus, 1.5 cm below) and temporalis (3 cm above the lateral edge of the eye). Measurements from each region will be made 3 times at 30 second intervals and the average of the measurements will be included for analysis. During the measurement, the algometer will be held perpendicular to the skin. Measurement is terminated at the first value at which discomfort is felt. Measurements from each region will be made 3 times at 30 second intervals and the average of the measurements will be included for analysis. The change in pain threshold will be used as a measurement tool to determine how the intervention is affecting the pain threshold. Higher values in the pain threshold indicate that the person is more susceptible to pain. |
The outcome will be assessed at baseline and immediately after intervention. |
|
Secondary |
Change in Perceived Exertion |
After the actual and motor imagery exercises, the perceived exertion of the participants will be evaluated with the Borg scale. On this scale, individuals rate their perceived difficulty between 6 (I did not feel any difficulty) and 20 (very, very difficult). High score means more perceived exertion. |
The outcome will be assessed at baseline and immediately after intervention. |
|
Secondary |
Movement Imagery Questionnaire-Revised |
It is a questionnaire used for administration in healthy adults and athletic populations and includes movements that require a high degree of skill and coordination. The visual and kinesthetic motor imagery skills of the person are measured with the scale consisting of 8 items. Items related to visual imagery are evaluated with a Likert type scale between 1 (very difficult to see) and 7 (very easy to see). Items related to kinesthetic imagery are likewise evaluated using a Likert-type scale that is graded between 1 (very difficult to feel) and 7 (very easy to feel). High scores indicate high visual and kinesthetic imagery skills. The Turkish validation study of the questionnaire has been conducted and it has been shown to be valid and reliable. |
At baseline |
|
Secondary |
Mental Chronometer Time Ratio for Jaw Movement Task |
The participants will actually execute and imagine a motor task: jaw movements. The duration of actual and imagined movements will be recorded by means of an electronic stopwatch. During the execution of the actual and imagined movements subjects will hold the electronic stopwatch in their non-dominant hand. They will start the stopwatch when they started to move (actual or imagined movement) and they will stop it when they completed their movement (actual or imagined). The ratio between real and imagined time will be calculated. A ratio close to 1 means that motor imagery is close to physical motion. |
At baseline |
|
Secondary |
Mental Chronometer Time Ratio for Tongue Movement Task |
The participants will actually execute and imagine a motor task: tongue movements. The duration of actual and imagined movements will be recorded by means of an electronic stopwatch. During the execution of the actual and imagined movements subjects will hold the electronic stopwatch in their non-dominant hand. They will start the stopwatch when they started to move (actual or imagined movement) and they will stop it when they completed their movement (actual or imagined). The ratio between real and imagined time will be calculated. A ratio close to 1 means that motor imagery is close to physical motion. |
At baseline |
|
Secondary |
Mental Chronometer Time Ratio for Writing Task |
The participants will actually execute and imagine a motor task: writing the following sentence: "Ankara is the capital of Turkey". The duration of actual and imagined movements will be recorded by means of an electronic stopwatch. During the execution of the actual and imagined movements subjects will hold the electronic stopwatch in their non-dominant hand. They will start the stopwatch when they started to move (actual or imagined movement) and they will stop it when they completed their movement (actual or imagined). A ratio close to 1 means that motor imagery is close to physical motion. |
At baseline |
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