Effects of Bicycle-sharing Program on Health

Physical Activity Clinical Trial

Official title:

Effects of the Mexico City´s ECOBICI Program on Health Indicators and Physical Activity Levels

Clinical Trial Details — Status: Not yet recruiting

Administrative data

• NCT number: NCT04629261
• Other study ID #: ECOBICI and Health
• Status: Not yet recruiting
• Phase: N/A
• Start date: March 15, 2021
• Est. completion date: September 30, 2021

Study information

• Verified date: November 2020
• Source: Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica, Mexico
• Contact: Catalina Medina, Ph.D.
• Phone: +5215529152920
• Email: catalina.medina[@]insp.mx
• Is FDA regulated: No
• Study type: Interventional

Clinical Trial Summary

To evaluate the effect of the ECOBICI program in Mexico City on health indicators, activity levels, mental health, and quality of life and diet after 3 months of follow-up.

Description:

Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) such as obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2) are one of the main causes of death in the world and in Mexico. According to the 2016 National Health and Nutrition Survey (ENSANUT), 9.4% has previously diagnosed diabetes and the prevalence of overweight and obesity is 71.2% in adults. Among the main risk factors for the development of these diseases are an unbalanced diet, physical inactivity and sedentarism.

According to the World Health Organization (WHO), accumulating at least 150 minutes/week of moderate-vigorous physical activity either during occupational, home, leisure time and transportation for at least 10 continuous minutes could result multiple benefits, such as the reduction of seven types of NCDs including DM2 and obesity. It has been observed that cycling, compared to other activities during leisure time, appears to be an efficient form of daily exercise and feasible to increase physical activity levels even in the most physically inactive individuals.

According to a cross-sectional study in 14 countries including the United States, it was observed that adults who commuted by bicycle had a lower risk of DM2 and obesity. Additionally, results from randomized controlled studies have shown that cycling may help reducing body fat and increase maximal oxygen consumption. However, some factors, such as the lack of attractive bike paths and the lack of safe spaces, may reduce this pattern.

The shared bicycle program has been implemented in more than 30 countries including Mexico. Among the main objectives of this program - in addition to integrating the bicycle as a form of active transportation - includes the design of a new infrastructure to offer safety and comfort to cyclists. This type of program has been evaluated in different countries. Results show that the combination of interventions, that is, the construction of bicycle facilities and the shared bicycle programs increased trips in Barcelona and Paris. In Barcelona, it was observed that this program increased the quality of life and decreased air and noise pollution. In Montreal, this program was found to attract young people and people within the highest socioeconomic status. In Valencia, Spain, it was reported that the bicycle system increased energy expenditure by 257 METs / min / week and helped reducing 2kg. of body weight in a school year. In Japan, pedaling for 30 minutes to work was found to have an effect on mental health. Finally, in the United States, it was observed that those who use active transportation to go to work have a lower probability of obesity, elevated triglyceride levels, diastolic blood pressure, and fasting glucose.

The ECOBICI program is a shared bicycle system within Mexico City. Since 2010, this program has been managed by the Ministry of Environment and the Ministry of Mobility, initially operating with 1,200 bicycles and 84 bicycle stations around Mexico City. It currently belongs to the Comprehensive Mobility Program 2018-2024, aiming at the accessibility of the population in the use of bicycles, promoting their use as an air pollution free transport. This program has been awarded within the urban public transport area, for improving air quality and for seeking a change in society.

Authorities of the ECOBICI program conducted a users' survey in 2014, this included questions related to the program and health aspects of the users. It was observed that 36% of those surveyed perceived an improvement in their physical condition, 15% reported having an improvement in their health and 8% reported having lost weight, however, to date there are few prospective studies that report the effect of the use of public bicycles on the levels of physical activity and health indicators.

Procedure The project is divided into two phases: phase 1 - initial evaluations and phase 2 - follow-up. Through social media (twitter and Facebook) adults interested on getting involved in the ECOBICI program and adults who are not involved in the program or physical activities aimed to improve their health will be invited to participate. All individuals interested on participating in this study will received an email indicating a day and time for a zoom meeting. The investigators will perform two zoom meetings, one for the intervention group and another for the control group. Within the intervention group meeting the investigators will explain them the study, benefits and risks to participate and the investigators will randomly allocate adults in intervention group 1 (free annual program fee) and intervention group 2 (annual program fee paid by participants). Within the control group meeting the investigators will explain them the study, benefits and risks to participate.

PHASE 1 (month 0). All adults who agree to participate must read and sign the consent letter before getting involved into the study. Then, the investigators will ask participants to answer a 20-minutes long questionnaire and will perform anthropometric and blood pressure measurements. All participants will be evaluated in the ECOBICI module considering COVID-19 hygiene guidelines. At the end of this phase, adults will be invited to participate in PHASE 2 of the study. If agree to participate, the investigator will ask for their cell phone number or home phone number to be contacted later.

PHASE 2 (months 1.5 and 3). The investigators will ask them if we could monitor their bicycle trajectories using the data from the Ministry of Mobility. In addition, the investigators will ask adults to use the STRAVA app (GPS app that monitors bike paths) every time they ride the bike. A manual will be send by email within instructions on how to download the application and how to use it. In addition, they will be instructed to send us by email the bike trajectories stored in the STRAVA application.

During month 1.5, the investigators will call them to conduct another survey focused on physical activity levels, diet, mental health, and health indicators (same survey that was conducted in month 0).

In month 3, the investigators will quote the patients in the ECOBICI module, within this visit a final questionnaire and anthropometric and blood pressure measurements will carry out.

All people who agree to participate in the TWO PHASES of the study will receive a voucher for $ 250 pesos ($1.25 USD).

Recruitment information / eligibility

• Status: Not yet recruiting
• Enrollment: 240
• Est. completion date: September 30, 2021
• Est. primary completion date: April 15, 2021
• Accepts healthy volunteers: Accepts Healthy Volunteers
• Gender: All
• Age group: 18 Years to 89 Years

Eligibility

Inclusion criteria for intervention groups:

• Interested on getting involved in the ECOBICI program.

Exclusion criteria for intervention groups:

• Present any physical or mental condition that inhibits cycling.

Elimination criteria for intervention groups:

• Have participated only in phase one.

Inclusion Criteria for control group:

• Participants located near by program bike-stations.

• Age range similar to the intervention group.

• Not enrolled in the ECOBICI program.

• Not enrolled in an exercise program or do physical activity aimed to improve health.

Elimination criteria for control group:

• Have participated only in phase one.

Related Conditions & MeSH terms

• Physical Activity

Intervention

Behavioral:
• Use of ECOBICI (public bicycle sharing program)
Use of ECOBICI program with and without incentive.

Locations

Country	Name	City	State
n/a

Sponsors (1)

Lead Sponsor	Collaborator
Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica, Mexico

References & Publications (20)

Atherosclerosis, Hypertension, and Obesity in the Young Committee of the American Heart Association Council on Cardiovascular Disease in the Young, Alpert B, McCrindle B, Daniels S, Dennison B, Hayman L, Jacobson M, Mahoney L, Rocchini A, Steinberger J, Urbina E, Williams R. Recommendations for blood pressure measurement in human and experimental animals; part 1: blood pressure measurement in humans. Hypertension. 2006 Jul;48(1):e3; author reply e5. Epub 2006 Jun 12. — View Citation

Barquera S, Campos-Nonato I, Hernández-Barrera L, Pedroza A, Rivera-Dommarco JA. [Prevalence of obesity in Mexican adults 2000-2012]. Salud Publica Mex. 2013;55 Suppl 2:S151-60. Spanish. — View Citation

Barquera S, Pedroza-Tobias A, Medina C. Cardiovascular diseases in mega-countries: the challenges of the nutrition, physical activity and epidemiologic transitions, and the double burden of disease. Curr Opin Lipidol. 2016 Aug;27(4):329-44. doi: 10.1097/MOL.0000000000000320. Review. — View Citation

Deramond H, Depriester C, Galibert P, Le Gars D. Percutaneous vertebroplasty with polymethylmethacrylate. Technique, indications, and results. Radiol Clin North Am. 1998 May;36(3):533-46. — View Citation

Ferrari de Lima D, Anguera Lima L, do Carmo Luiz O. Daily physical activity of Brazilian carriers of arterial hypertension: a transversal analysis. Colomb Med (Cali). 2017 Jun 30;48(2):82-87. — View Citation

Fuller D, Gauvin L, Kestens Y, Daniel M, Fournier M, Morency P, Drouin L. Use of a new public bicycle share program in Montreal, Canada. Am J Prev Med. 2011 Jul;41(1):80-3. doi: 10.1016/j.amepre.2011.03.002. — View Citation

GBD 2013 Risk Factors Collaborators, Forouzanfar MH, Alexander L, Anderson HR, Bachman VF, Biryukov S, Brauer M, Burnett R, Casey D, Coates MM, Cohen A, Delwiche K, Estep K, Frostad JJ, Astha KC, Kyu HH, Moradi-Lakeh M, Ng M, Slepak EL, Thomas BA, Wagner J, Aasvang GM, Abbafati C, Abbasoglu Ozgoren A, Abd-Allah F, Abera SF, Aboyans V, Abraham B, Abraham JP, Abubakar I, Abu-Rmeileh NM, Aburto TC, Achoki T, Adelekan A, Adofo K, Adou AK, Adsuar JC, Afshin A, Agardh EE, Al Khabouri MJ, Al Lami FH, Alam SS, Alasfoor D, Albittar MI, Alegretti MA, Aleman AV, Alemu ZA, Alfonso-Cristancho R, Alhabib S, Ali R, Ali MK, Alla F, Allebeck P, Allen PJ, Alsharif U, Alvarez E, Alvis-Guzman N, Amankwaa AA, Amare AT, Ameh EA, Ameli O, Amini H, Ammar W, Anderson BO, Antonio CA, Anwari P, Argeseanu Cunningham S, Arnlöv J, Arsenijevic VS, Artaman A, Asghar RJ, Assadi R, Atkins LS, Atkinson C, Avila MA, Awuah B, Badawi A, Bahit MC, Bakfalouni T, Balakrishnan K, Balalla S, Balu RK, Banerjee A, Barber RM, Barker-Collo SL, Barquera S, Barregard L, Barrero LH, Barrientos-Gutierrez T, Basto-Abreu AC, Basu A, Basu S, Basulaiman MO, Batis Ruvalcaba C, Beardsley J, Bedi N, Bekele T, Bell ML, Benjet C, Bennett DA, Benzian H, Bernabé E, Beyene TJ, Bhala N, Bhalla A, Bhutta ZA, Bikbov B, Bin Abdulhak AA, Blore JD, Blyth FM, Bohensky MA, Bora Basara B, Borges G, Bornstein NM, Bose D, Boufous S, Bourne RR, Brainin M, Brazinova A, Breitborde NJ, Brenner H, Briggs AD, Broday DM, Brooks PM, Bruce NG, Brugha TS, Brunekreef B, Buchbinder R, Bui LN, Bukhman G, Bulloch AG, Burch M, Burney PG, Campos-Nonato IR, Campuzano JC, Cantoral AJ, Caravanos J, Cárdenas R, Cardis E, Carpenter DO, Caso V, Castañeda-Orjuela CA, Castro RE, Catalá-López F, Cavalleri F, Çavlin A, Chadha VK, Chang JC, Charlson FJ, Chen H, Chen W, Chen Z, Chiang PP, Chimed-Ochir O, Chowdhury R, Christophi CA, Chuang TW, Chugh SS, Cirillo M, Claßen TK, Colistro V, Colomar M, Colquhoun SM, Contreras AG, Cooper C, Cooperrider K, Cooper LT, Coresh J, Courville KJ, Criqui MH, Cuevas-Nasu L, Damsere-Derry J, Danawi H, Dandona L, Dandona R, Dargan PI, Davis A, Davitoiu DV, Dayama A, de Castro EF, De la Cruz-Góngora V, De Leo D, de Lima G, Degenhardt L, del Pozo-Cruz B, Dellavalle RP, Deribe K, Derrett S, Des Jarlais DC, Dessalegn M, deVeber GA, Devries KM, Dharmaratne SD, Dherani MK, Dicker D, Ding EL, Dokova K, Dorsey ER, Driscoll TR, Duan L, Durrani AM, Ebel BE, Ellenbogen RG, Elshrek YM, Endres M, Ermakov SP, Erskine HE, Eshrati B, Esteghamati A, Fahimi S, Faraon EJ, Farzadfar F, Fay DF, Feigin VL, Feigl AB, Fereshtehnejad SM, Ferrari AJ, Ferri CP, Flaxman AD, Fleming TD, Foigt N, Foreman KJ, Paleo UF, Franklin RC, Gabbe B, Gaffikin L, Gakidou E, Gamkrelidze A, Gankpé FG, Gansevoort RT, García-Guerra FA, Gasana E, Geleijnse JM, Gessner BD, Gething P, Gibney KB, Gillum RF, Ginawi IA, Giroud M, Giussani G, Goenka S, Goginashvili K, Gomez Dantes H, Gona P, Gonzalez de Cosio T, González-Castell D, Gotay CC, Goto A, Gouda HN, Guerrant RL, Gugnani HC, Guillemin F, Gunnell D, Gupta R, Gupta R, Gutiérrez RA, Hafezi-Nejad N, Hagan H, Hagstromer M, Halasa YA, Hamadeh RR, Hammami M, Hankey GJ, Hao Y, Harb HL, Haregu TN, Haro JM, Havmoeller R, Hay SI, Hedayati MT, Heredia-Pi IB, Hernandez L, Heuton KR, Heydarpour P, Hijar M, Hoek HW, Hoffman HJ, Hornberger JC, Hosgood HD, Hoy DG, Hsairi M, Hu G, Hu H, Huang C, Huang JJ, Hubbell BJ, Huiart L, Husseini A, Iannarone ML, Iburg KM, Idrisov BT, Ikeda N, Innos K, Inoue M, Islami F, Ismayilova S, Jacobsen KH, Jansen HA, Jarvis DL, Jassal SK, Jauregui A, Jayaraman S, Jeemon P, Jensen PN, Jha V, Jiang F, Jiang G, Jiang Y, Jonas JB, Juel K, Kan H, Kany Roseline SS, Karam NE, Karch A, Karema CK, Karthikeyan G, Kaul A, Kawakami N, Kazi DS, Kemp AH, Kengne AP, Keren A, Khader YS, Khalifa SE, Khan EA, Khang YH, Khatibzadeh S, Khonelidze I, Kieling C, Kim D, Kim S, Kim Y, Kimokoti RW, Kinfu Y, Kinge JM, Kissela BM, Kivipelto M, Knibbs LD, Knudsen AK, Kokubo Y, Kose MR, Kosen S, Kraemer A, Kravchenko M, Krishnaswami S, Kromhout H, Ku T, Kuate Defo B, Kucuk Bicer B, Kuipers EJ, Kulkarni C, Kulkarni VS, Kumar GA, Kwan GF, Lai T, Lakshmana Balaji A, Lalloo R, Lallukka T, Lam H, Lan Q, Lansingh VC, Larson HJ, Larsson A, Laryea DO, Lavados PM, Lawrynowicz AE, Leasher JL, Lee JT, Leigh J, Leung R, Levi M, Li Y, Li Y, Liang J, Liang X, Lim SS, Lindsay MP, Lipshultz SE, Liu S, Liu Y, Lloyd BK, Logroscino G, London SJ, Lopez N, Lortet-Tieulent J, Lotufo PA, Lozano R, Lunevicius R, Ma J, Ma S, Machado VM, MacIntyre MF, Magis-Rodriguez C, Mahdi AA, Majdan M, Malekzadeh R, Mangalam S, Mapoma CC, Marape M, Marcenes W, Margolis DJ, Margono C, Marks GB, Martin RV, Marzan MB, Mashal MT, Masiye F, Mason-Jones AJ, Matsushita K, Matzopoulos R, Mayosi BM, Mazorodze TT, McKay AC, McKee M, McLain A, Meaney PA, Medina C, Mehndiratta MM, Mejia-Rodriguez F, Mekonnen W, Melaku YA, Meltzer M, Memish ZA, Mendoza W, Mensah GA, Meretoja A, Mhimbira FA, Micha R, Miller TR, Mills EJ, Misganaw A, Mishra S, Mohamed Ibrahim N, Mohammad KA, Mokdad AH, Mola GL, Monasta L, Montañez Hernandez JC, Montico M, Moore AR, Morawska L, Mori R, Moschandreas J, Moturi WN, Mozaffarian D, Mueller UO, Mukaigawara M, Mullany EC, Murthy KS, Naghavi M, Nahas Z, Naheed A, Naidoo KS, Naldi L, Nand D, Nangia V, Narayan KM, Nash D, Neal B, Nejjari C, Neupane SP, Newton CR, Ngalesoni FN, Ngirabega Jde D, Nguyen G, Nguyen NT, Nieuwenhuijsen MJ, Nisar MI, Nogueira JR, Nolla JM, Nolte S, Norheim OF, Norman RE, Norrving B, Nyakarahuka L, Oh IH, Ohkubo T, Olusanya BO, Omer SB, Opio JN, Orozco R, Pagcatipunan RS Jr, Pain AW, Pandian JD, Panelo CI, Papachristou C, Park EK, Parry CD, Paternina Caicedo AJ, Patten SB, Paul VK, Pavlin BI, Pearce N, Pedraza LS, Pedroza A, Pejin Stokic L, Pekericli A, Pereira DM, Perez-Padilla R, Perez-Ruiz F, Perico N, Perry SA, Pervaiz A, Pesudovs K, Peterson CB, Petzold M, Phillips MR, Phua HP, Plass D, Poenaru D, Polanczyk GV, Polinder S, Pond CD, Pope CA, Pope D, Popova S, Pourmalek F, Powles J, Prabhakaran D, Prasad NM, Qato DM, Quezada AD, Quistberg DA, Racapé L, Rafay A, Rahimi K, Rahimi-Movaghar V, Rahman SU, Raju M, Rakovac I, Rana SM, Rao M, Razavi H, Reddy KS, Refaat AH, Rehm J, Remuzzi G, Ribeiro AL, Riccio PM, Richardson L, Riederer A, Robinson M, Roca A, Rodriguez A, Rojas-Rueda D, Romieu I, Ronfani L, Room R, Roy N, Ruhago GM, Rushton L, Sabin N, Sacco RL, Saha S, Sahathevan R, Sahraian MA, Salomon JA, Salvo D, Sampson UK, Sanabria JR, Sanchez LM, Sánchez-Pimienta TG, Sanchez-Riera L, Sandar L, Santos IS, Sapkota A, Satpathy M, Saunders JE, Sawhney M, Saylan MI, Scarborough P, Schmidt JC, Schneider IJ, Schöttker B, Schwebel DC, Scott JG, Seedat S, Sepanlou SG, Serdar B, Servan-Mori EE, Shaddick G, Shahraz S, Levy TS, Shangguan S, She J, Sheikhbahaei S, Shibuya K, Shin HH, Shinohara Y, Shiri R, Shishani K, Shiue I, Sigfusdottir ID, Silberberg DH, Simard EP, Sindi S, Singh A, Singh GM, Singh JA, Skirbekk V, Sliwa K, Soljak M, Soneji S, Søreide K, Soshnikov S, Sposato LA, Sreeramareddy CT, Stapelberg NJ, Stathopoulou V, Steckling N, Stein DJ, Stein MB, Stephens N, Stöckl H, Straif K, Stroumpoulis K, Sturua L, Sunguya BF, Swaminathan S, Swaroop M, Sykes BL, Tabb KM, Takahashi K, Talongwa RT, Tandon N, Tanne D, Tanner M, Tavakkoli M, Te Ao BJ, Teixeira CM, Téllez Rojo MM, Terkawi AS, Texcalac-Sangrador JL, Thackway SV, Thomson B, Thorne-Lyman AL, Thrift AG, Thurston GD, Tillmann T, Tobollik M, Tonelli M, Topouzis F, Towbin JA, Toyoshima H, Traebert J, Tran BX, Trasande L, Trillini M, Trujillo U, Dimbuene ZT, Tsilimbaris M, Tuzcu EM, Uchendu US, Ukwaja KN, Uzun SB, van de Vijver S, Van Dingenen R, van Gool CH, van Os J, Varakin YY, Vasankari TJ, Vasconcelos AM, Vavilala MS, Veerman LJ, Velasquez-Melendez G, Venketasubramanian N, Vijayakumar L, Villalpando S, Violante FS, Vlassov VV, Vollset SE, Wagner GR, Waller SG, Wallin MT, Wan X, Wang H, Wang J, Wang L, Wang W, Wang Y, Warouw TS, Watts CH, Weichenthal S, Weiderpass E, Weintraub RG, Werdecker A, Wessells KR, Westerman R, Whiteford HA, Wilkinson JD, Williams HC, Williams TN, Woldeyohannes SM, Wolfe CD, Wong JQ, Woolf AD, Wright JL, Wurtz B, Xu G, Yan LL, Yang G, Yano Y, Ye P, Yenesew M, Yentür GK, Yip P, Yonemoto N, Yoon SJ, Younis MZ, Younoussi Z, Yu C, Zaki ME, Zhao Y, Zheng Y, Zhou M, Zhu J, Zhu S, Zou X, Zunt JR, Lopez AD, Vos T, Murray CJ. Global, regional, and national comparative risk assessment of 79 behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risks or clusters of risks in 188 countries, 1990-2013: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013. Lancet. 2015 Dec 5;386(10010):2287-323. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(15)00128-2. Epub 2015 Sep 11. — View Citation

GBD 2015 Risk Factors Collaborators. Global, regional, and national comparative risk assessment of 79 behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risks or clusters of risks, 1990-2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015. Lancet. 2016 Oct 8;388(10053):1659-1724. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(16)31679-8. Erratum in: Lancet. 2017 Jan 7;389(10064):e1. — View Citation

Guthold R, Stevens GA, Riley LM, Bull FC. Worldwide trends in insufficient physical activity from 2001 to 2016: a pooled analysis of 358 population-based surveys with 1·9 million participants. Lancet Glob Health. 2018 Oct;6(10):e1077-e1086. doi: 10.1016/S2214-109X(18)30357-7. Epub 2018 Sep 4. Erratum in: Lancet Glob Health. 2019 Jan;7(1):e36. — View Citation

Haseler C, Crooke R, Haseler T. Promoting physical activity to patients. BMJ. 2019 Sep 17;366:l5230. doi: 10.1136/bmj.l5230. — View Citation

James PA, Oparil S, Carter BL, Cushman WC, Dennison-Himmelfarb C, Handler J, Lackland DT, LeFevre ML, MacKenzie TD, Ogedegbe O, Smith SC Jr, Svetkey LP, Taler SJ, Townsend RR, Wright JT Jr, Narva AS, Ortiz E. 2014 evidence-based guideline for the management of high blood pressure in adults: report from the panel members appointed to the Eighth Joint National Committee (JNC 8). JAMA. 2014 Feb 5;311(5):507-20. doi: 10.1001/jama.2013.284427. Erratum in: JAMA. 2014 May 7;311(17):1809. — View Citation

Molina-García J, Castillo I, Queralt A, Sallis JF. Bicycling to university: evaluation of a bicycle-sharing program in Spain. Health Promot Int. 2015 Jun;30(2):350-8. doi: 10.1093/heapro/dat045. Epub 2013 Jun 28. — View Citation

Molina-García J, Castillo I, Sallis JF. Psychosocial and environmental correlates of active commuting for university students. Prev Med. 2010 Aug;51(2):136-8. doi: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2010.05.009. Epub 2010 May 25. — View Citation

Møller NC, Østergaard L, Gade JR, Nielsen JL, Andersen LB. The effect on cardiorespiratory fitness after an 8-week period of commuter cycling--a randomized controlled study in adults. Prev Med. 2011 Sep;53(3):172-7. doi: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2011.06.007. Epub 2011 Jun 25. — View Citation

Ohta M, Mizoue T, Mishima N, Ikeda M. Effect of the physical activities in leisure time and commuting to work on mental health. J Occup Health. 2007 Jan;49(1):46-52. — View Citation

Pucher J, Buehler R, Bassett DR, Dannenberg AL. Walking and cycling to health: a comparative analysis of city, state, and international data. Am J Public Health. 2010 Oct;100(10):1986-92. doi: 10.2105/AJPH.2009.189324. Epub 2010 Aug 19. — View Citation

Pucher J, Dill J, Handy S. Infrastructure, programs, and policies to increase bicycling: an international review. Prev Med. 2010 Jan;50 Suppl 1:S106-25. doi: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2009.07.028. Epub 2009 Sep 16. Review. — View Citation

Sarmiento OL, Díaz Del Castillo A, Triana CA, Acevedo MJ, Gonzalez SA, Pratt M. Reclaiming the streets for people: Insights from Ciclovías Recreativas in Latin America. Prev Med. 2017 Oct;103S:S34-S40. doi: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2016.07.028. Epub 2016 Aug 3. — View Citation

Warburton DE, Charlesworth S, Ivey A, Nettlefold L, Bredin SS. A systematic review of the evidence for Canada's Physical Activity Guidelines for Adults. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act. 2010 May 11;7:39. doi: 10.1186/1479-5868-7-39. — View Citation

Wen LM, Rissel C. Inverse associations between cycling to work, public transport, and overweight and obesity: findings from a population based study in Australia. Prev Med. 2008 Jan;46(1):29-32. Epub 2007 Aug 23. — View Citation

* Note: There are 20 references in all — Click here to view all references

Outcome

Type	Measure	Description	Time frame	Safety issue
Primary	Physical activity not related to the bicycle sharing program	Assessed by questionnaire and expressed in minutes per week	up to 1.5 months.
Primary	Physical activity not related to the bicycle sharing program	Assessed by questionnaire and expressed in minutes per week	up to 3 months.
Primary	Physical activity of bicycle sharing program	Assessed by questionnaire and daily monitoring of the users' trips through automatic system records done at bike-stations of the program and by a mobile GPS application. Expressed in kilometers per trip per day and time in minutes per trip per date.	up to 1.5 months.
Primary	Physical activity of bicycle sharing program	Assessed by questionnaire and daily monitoring of the users' trips through automatic system records done at bike-stations of the program and by a mobile GPS application. Expressed in kilometers per trip per day and time in minutes per trip per date.	up to 3 months.
Primary	Changes in body mass index	Assessed by direct measurements done by trained staff and expressed in kg/m^2. Classified according to the following criteria: low weight if it´s <18.5 kg/m^2, normal if it goes from 18.5 to 24.9 kg /m^2 , overweight if it goes from 25 to 29.9 kg/m^2 or obese if it´s >30 kg/m^2.	up to 3 months.
Primary	Changes in blood pressure	Assessed by direct measurements done by trained staff and expressed in mmHg. Classified with each participant's result according to the following criteria: normotensive if the systolic blood pressure (SBP) is <140 mmHg and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) <90 mmHg or hypertensive if the SBP is =140 mmHg or DBP =90 mmHg.	up to 3 months.
Primary	Changes in waist circumference	Assessed by direct measurements done by trained staff and expressed in cm. Classified as high if > 92 centimeters (cm) for men or > 80 cm for women.	up to 3 months.
Primary	Changes in hip circumference	Assessed by direct measurements done by trained staff and expressed in cm.	up to 3 months.
Primary	Changes in mental health status	Assessed by questionnaire. Expressed by a general score. Depression if =9 for adults and =5 for older adults.	up to 1.5 months.
Primary	Changes in mental health status	Assessed by questionnaire. Expressed by a general score. Depression if =9 for adults and =5 for older adults.	up to 3 months.
Primary	Changes in physical health	Assessed by questionnaire. Expressed by a percentage.	up to 1.5 months.
Primary	Changes in physical health.	Assessed by questionnaire. Expressed by a percentage.	up to 3 months.
Primary	Changes in general health status.	Assessed by questionnaire. Expressed by a percentage.	up to 1.5 months.
Primary	Changes in general health status.	Assessed by questionnaire. Expressed by a percentage.	up to 3 months.
Primary	Changes quality of life	Assessed by questionnaire. Expressed by a percentage. Good and bad	up to 3 months.
Secondary	Changes in dietary patterns	Assessed by a a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. Expressed by a percentage.	up to 1.5 months.
Secondary	Changes in dietary patterns	Assessed by a a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. Expressed by a percentage.	up to 3 months.

External Links

•   ¿Qué es Ecobici? March 15, 2018.:
•   de Almeida Lobo A, Herrera Montes, S., Martínez H., Ferreira, L. Estudio de la reducción de emisiones y los co-beneficios generados por la implementación del programa ECOBICI 2013.
•   Delgado Peralta M. Enseñanzas del Sistema Ecobici para la implementación de Sistemas de Bicicleta Pública en México 2016
•   Díaz R, Rojas F. Mujeres y ciclismo urbano. Promoviendo políticas inclusivas de movilidad en América Latina. 2017
•   Encuesta Ecobici2014 November 2017.
•   Estadísticas Ecobici. SEDEMA.
•   Jefatura del Gobierno. Gaceta Oficial Distrito Federal. Administración Pública del Distrito Federal 2014.
•   Lajous - Loeza A. Plan estratégico de movilidad de la Ciudad de México 2019. Una ciudad, un sistema2019:[1-45 pp.]
•   Naciones Unidas. Informe de los objetivos de desarrollo sostenible 2018.
•   Recomendaciones mundiales sobre la actividad física para la salud. Organización Mundial de la Salud. 2010.