Clinical Trial Details
— Status: Completed
Administrative data
NCT number |
NCT03999619 |
Other study ID # |
8303 |
Secondary ID |
|
Status |
Completed |
Phase |
N/A
|
First received |
|
Last updated |
|
Start date |
January 7, 2019 |
Est. completion date |
January 31, 2020 |
Study information
Verified date |
December 2020 |
Source |
University of Toronto |
Contact |
n/a |
Is FDA regulated |
No |
Health authority |
|
Study type |
Interventional
|
Clinical Trial Summary
Move 2 Learn (M2L) is a 10-week movement and pre-literacy program for preschool aged children
and their parents designed to improve both movement and reading skills as well as support
their overall cognitive, physical, and psychological development. This study will be using a
randomized wait-list controlled trial design to evaluate the program on several outcomes:
motor skills, pre-literacy skills, cognitive function, perceived physical competence, and
physical activity. Children ages 3 to 4 years with typical development will be randomized to
either start the program immediately or enter the wait-list control group to begin the
program after a 10-week control period. The outcomes will be assessed for all children three
times, at week 0, week 11, and week 21 to evaluate change over time in both groups.
Description:
Design: The study will use a randomized wait-list controlled design. Children will be
randomized to either the intervention arm or the wait-list control arm with a 1:1 ratio.
Children randomized to the intervention arm will enter the Move 2 Learn (M2L) intervention
during the first 10-12 weeks of the study period; children randomized to the wait-list
control arm will not receive any intervention during the first 10-12 weeks of the study (the
wait-list control period), then will enter into a modified M2L intervention during the second
10 to 12 weeks of the study. All children will be assessed 3 times at 10-12-week intervals.
The intervention arm will be assessed before and immediately after they receive the
intervention, and at a 10-12-week follow-up. The wait-list control group will be assessed at
baseline, immediately before receiving the intervention (10-12 weeks following) and after
they receive the intervention.
Children will be randomized 1:1 to either the intervention or wait-list control group. Simple
randomization will be completed using a computer algorithm. After confirming eligibility and
obtaining verbal consent, a research assistant will send the complete list of study IDs to an
independent biostatistician who will use a computer algorithm to randomly assign the child to
the intervention or to the wait-list control group. Sealed, opaque, and numbered envelops
will be prepared with their allocation details (e.g. if randomized to the intervention arm,
information regarding the location and time of the intervention will be provided).
Intervention: The Move 2 Learn (M2L) program (both the original and the modified program)
will be run out of the gym space provided in-kind by the Faculty of Kinesiology and Physical
Education at the University of Toronto. This behavioral program will run for 60 minutes once
per week for 10 consecutive weeks and will consist of three components: direct movement skill
instruction, unstructured exploratory free-play, and in interactive storybook reading
activity. There is active involvement of at least one parent/caregiver in the direct
instruction and reading components and parents/caregivers are provided with handouts
outlining specific strategies to implement for at-home practice of the activities. Each week,
parents will be verbally encouraged to practice these skills at home with their parents.
The participants randomized to the wait-list control group will not receive any intervention
during the control period (between time 1 and time 2 assessments. After their time 2
assessment is complete, participants will receive a modified version of the M2L program. All
in-sessions components of the M2L program will be implemented with the exception of the
parent handouts and the verbal encouragement to practice at-home between sessions
Assessments: At the time 1 appointment, children will be administered the gross motor
subscales of the Peabody Developmental Motor Scales-2 (PDMS-2; Folio & Fewell, 2000), the
perceived physical competence subscale of the Pictorial Scale (PPC) of Perceived Competence
and Social Acceptance for Young Children-Preschool-Kindergarten version (PSCS-PK; Harter &
Pike, 1984), the Phonological Awareness Literacy Screening: Preschool (PALS-PK; Invernizzi,
Sullivan, Meier, & Swank, 2004), the Preschool Word and Print Awareness Test (PWPA; Justice &
Ezell, 2002), and the Picture Deletion Task for Preschoolers (PDTP; Byrne, DeWolfe, & Bawden,
1998; Corkum, Byrne, & Ellsworth, 1995). Parents will complete a demographic questionnaire
(see Demographic Survey for Parents), and a parental engagement questionnaire that asks about
the use of specific activities to promote motor skill and early literacy skill development
(see Parental Engagement Survey) and the Behaviour Rating Inventory of Executive
Function®-Preschool Version (BRIEF-P; Gioia, Espy, & Isquith, 2001). On completion of
testing, children will be fitted with an accelerometer; parents will be instructed on its
proper use and provided with a diary to track wear time (e.g., time of day put on, time of
day removed). After 7 days, parents will mail back the the accelerometer(s) and diary (see
Accelerometer Log). At each subsequent appointment (time 2 and time 3), all outcomes
described above will be measured again (see Figure 2) except for the parent demographic
survey and the BRIEF-P. Each study appointment will take approximately 1.5 hours.
All outcomes will be assessed at the INfant and Child Health (INCH) Lab at the University of
Toronto by trained graduate students, blind to the intervention status of the participants.
Measures: The primary outcomes include fundamental movement skills and pre-literacy skills.
Movement skills will be assessed using the gross motor sub-scales of the Peabody
Developmental Motor Scales - 2 (PDMS-2). The Preschool Word and Print Awareness Test (PWPA)
and the Phonological Awareness Literacy Screening: Preschool (PALS-PK) to measure
print-concept knowledge and alphabet knowledge, respectively. Secondary outcomes include
physical activity, cognitive function, and self-perceived physical competence. All outcomes
will be assessed at the INfant and Child Health (INCH) Lab at the University of Toronto by
trained graduate students, blind to the intervention status of the participants.
Motor Skill Proficiency: The gross motor subscales of the PDMS-2 (stationary performances,
locomotion, and object manipulation) will be used to assess change in motor skill over the
course of the study and will be administered by a trained graduate student blind to the
intervention status of the participant. This tool is commercially available.
Pre-literacy Skills: Emergent literacy skills that will be measured include print concepts
and alphabet knowledge. The PALS-PK Upper-case Alphabet Recognition task will be used to
measure children's alphabet knowledge. This tool is commercially available. Print awareness
will be assessed using the PWPA. The assessment uses an interactive story book reading
activity to test children on their knowledge of 14 print concepts, such as print
directionality and print function (Justice & Ezell, 2002). This tool is freely available as
it was published as an appendix in the Justice, Bowles, & Skibbe, 2006 article.
Physical Activity: Accelerometry is an objective method of assessing free-moving physical
activity, and is the method best-suited to measuring activity in young children. This study
will use the Actigraph GT3X activity monitor, a light (27g) and small (3.8cm × 3.7cm × 1.8cm)
device, secured to the child by a belt worn around the waist. A 3 s epoch will be used
(Obeid, Nguyen, Gabel, & Timmons, 2011) and will record physical activity for 7 consecutive
days (Trost, Pate, Freedson, Sallis, & Taylor, 2000).
Executive Function: The BRIEF-P, a parent-report tool, will be used to assess children's
trait executive function at week 0 (Sherman & Brooks, 2010). State executive function will be
assessed using the Attention Sustained subtest 6 of the Leiter-3 test battery. The task
requires children to view a target image (an animal) and identify the images that match among
a set of distractor images as quickly as possible; there are 4 trials, each of which have a
practice set. This tool is commercially available. To assess inhibition, the Head Toes Knees
and Shoulders instrument will also be administered. This task requires Children are to play a
game in which they must do the opposite of what the experimenter says. The experimenter
instructs children to touch their head (or their toes), but instead of following the command,
the children are supposed to do the opposite and touch their toes.
Perceived Physical Competence: The PSCS-PK will be used to assess each child's level of
perceived competence. There are physical competence subscale (6-items) will be administered.
The scale is an extension of Harter's Perceived Competence Scale for Children (1982). This
tool is freely available online.
Demographic Factors: The baseline questionnaire will include questions about the parent and
the child on age, gender, race/ethnicity, parental education and occupation, and household
income. The questionnaire will be parent-completed.
Parental Engagement: Parents will be asked about the use and the frequency of use, of
specific activities that will be employed in our program. A parent-reported questionnaire
specific to these activities has been created to determine if parents have been using these
strategies before our program, and if they have incorporated them into their activities with
their child after having completed the program.
Parental Acceptability: Consenting parents will engage in a focus group, led by a
facilitator. Staying consistent with the unstructured nature of a focus group, open-ended
questions designed to initiate discussions surrounding their attitudes and opinions, likes
and dislikes of the program will be asked. The discussion will be audio recorded and
transcribed verbatim. Focus group transcriptions will be used to revise the program and its
components to better serve the community.
Analysis: Basic descriptive statistics of participating children and parents will be
completed. Mixed effects models will be used to assess a group-by-time effect on all
outcomes. All analyses will be conducted on an intention to treat basis.