Clinical Trial Details
— Status: Recruiting
Administrative data
NCT number |
NCT04618068 |
Other study ID # |
21252462 |
Secondary ID |
|
Status |
Recruiting |
Phase |
|
First received |
|
Last updated |
|
Start date |
October 28, 2020 |
Est. completion date |
October 2021 |
Study information
Verified date |
October 2020 |
Source |
Cairo University |
Contact |
Noha Ayman Ghallab, Professor |
Phone |
+201005263365 |
Email |
noha.ghallab[@]dentistry.cu.edu.eg |
Is FDA regulated |
No |
Health authority |
|
Study type |
Observational
|
Clinical Trial Summary
The study is a cross-sectional survey investigating the Prevalence of Different Stages of
Periodontal Diseases among a sample of Young Adult Obese Egyptian patients attending the oral
diagnosis clinic at faculty of Dentistry, Cairo University.
Description:
In recent years, research has focused on the relationship between periodontitis and systemic
disorders such as diabetes mellitus, rheumatoid arthritis, cardiovascular diseases and
obesity. Obesity is the result of many disorders arising from several different causes,
including complex interactions among genetic, biochemical, neural and psychological factors
as well as environmental, social and economic factors. Moreover, obesity is considered itself
a risk factor for several diseases, such as type 2 diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease,
tumors and potentially for periodontal disease.
Obesity has a significant association with periodontitis in terms of body mass index (BMI),
waist-to-hip circumference ratio, body fat, and maximum oxygen consumption. The BMI has
always been considered a simple method for analysis of the nutritional status by world health
organization. In 2014, the world health organization (WHO) estimated that around 600 million
obese adults worldwide were obese and a further increase is expected in the future due to
increased consumption of high-calorie diets and a sedentary lifestyle.
A bidirectional relationship links metabolic disorders like type 2 diabetes or obesity and
periodontitis The common soil between these chronic conditions is likely to be systemic,
low-grade inflammation: dental plaque releases bioactive products, which in turn stimulate
host responses at the gingival and systemic level, promoting the release of inflammatory
cytokines. These mediators are implicated in insulin resistance, impaired β-cell function,
endothelial dysfunction, driving diabetes onset and the accelerating atherosclerosis marking
it.
The association between obesity and periodontitis is one of the most recent fields of
research in periodontal medicine and the possible underlying biological mechanisms remain
unclear. Since then, the hypothesis that obesity is a risk factor for periodontitis has been
evidenced by several epidemiological studies. The visceral adipose tissue has been shown to
act as an organ that secretes important bioactive substances termed adipocytokines, including
tumor necrosis factor alpha, which may affect periodontal disease pathogenesis
A recent study has shown that in a population young adults, tumor necrosis factor levels in
gingival crevicular fluid correlate with individuals with BMI greater than forty. The authors
suggested that obesity is type of low grade systemic inflammatory disease affecting
periodontal disease progression. The systemic inflammation associated with obesity may
increase susceptibility to chronic infectious diseases, which may explain how obesity would
affect the development of periodontal diseases. However, whether obesity and overweight are
associated with periodontitis is still under debate.
Many clinical studies have shown that overweight status, obesity, weight gain, and increased
waist circumference are risk factors for the development of periodontitis or the worsening of
periodontal status. Patients presenting moderate and severe periodontal disease have been
found to produce higher systemic levels of inflammatory and immune markers. Treatment of
periodontal disease can reduce these markers. Since the first report suggesting in a rat
models existence of a possible relation between obesity and periodontal disease in 1977, only
21 years later, the first human study on the Japanese population, revealing that obese
subjects showed a probability of suffering from periodontitis 8.6 times greater than
non-obese ones.