Pancytopenia Clinical Trial
Official title:
Management of Childhood Pancytopenia in Heamatology Unit in Assiut University Hospital
Pancytopenia is an important hematologic Problem.it is a decrease in all three cellular elements of peripheral blood leading to aneamia, leucopenia and thrombocytopenia.
Pancytopenia usually presents with symptoms of bone marrow failure such as pallor, dysnea,
brusing and increased tendency to infections.
The incidence of various disorders causing pancytopenia varies according to Geographical
distribution and genetic mutations. It can result from :
- Failure of production of hematopoietic progenitors in bone marrow as in aplastic
aneamia.
- Bone marrow infiltration by malignant cells as in acute leukemia.
- Antibodies mediated bone marrow suppression as in systemic lupus.
- Ineffective hematopoiesis and dysplasia as in nutrition deficiency.
- Peripheral sequestration of blood cells in over active reticuloendothelial system as in
hypersplenism.
Pancytopenia is not a disease entity but a triad of findings that may result from primary or
secondary bone marrow involvement.
Bone marrow aspiration and biopsy evaluation along with clinical correlation are important to
evaluate the causes of pancytopenia and plan further investigations and treatment.
Pancytopenia can result from damage to bone marrow evidanced by low reticulocyte count, or
increased destruction of the peripheral blood with increased reticulocyte count.
Bone marrow examination is a simple and safe invasive procedure for evaluating the causes of
pancytopenia.
The hypoplastic marrow which occurs in 2% of pediatrics acute lymphoblastic leukemia may be
misdiagnosed as aplastic aneamia.
Studies done have shown leukemia to be the second most common cause of pancytopenia in
pediatrics, marginally behind aplastic aneamia.
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