Phase ǀ Study on Pancreatic Cancer Treated by CyberKnife

Pancreatic Tumor Clinical Trial

Official title:

Mono-Center Phase ǀ Study on Dose Escalation of Stereotactic Body Radiotherapy (SBRT) Treating Pancreatic Cancer Patients With CyberKnife

Clinical Trial Details — Status: Completed

Administrative data

• NCT number: NCT02716207
• Other study ID #: ChanghaiH001
• Status: Completed
• Phase: N/A
• Start date: March 2016
• Est. completion date: December 2020

Study information

• Verified date: May 2021
• Source: Changhai Hospital
• Contact: n/a
• Is FDA regulated: No
• Study type: Interventional

Clinical Trial Summary

The maximum tolerated dose on locally advanced unresectable pancreatic tumor treated with CyberKnife SBRT will be evaluated.

Description:

Pancreatic cancer is the fourth-leading cause of cancer-related death in the world. It is characterized by metastatic spread and local failure and seldom detected in its earlier stages. For locally advanced stage pancreatic cancer, the complete surgical removal is hard to achieve.

Stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) with CyberKnife for unresectable pancreatic tumor is a relatively new treatment option made available because of significant improvements in diagnostic imaging and radiation delivery techniques. Different from the conventional radiotherapy, radiation dose is delivered in fewer fractions and higher fractional doses in SBRT. Gurka (1) reported that 14 patients received SBRT with prescription dose of 25 Gy in five fractions with biologically equivalent doses (BED) of α/β=10 in correspondence to 37.5Gy. Grade 1 to 2 gastrointestinal toxicity (no grade 3 or 4 radiation-related toxicities) was observed two weeks after treatment. Two patients had a partial response, and 12 patients were with stable diseases. In the previous dose escalation study, a single fraction up to15 Gy, 20 Gy, 25 Gy which is an equivalent BED10 to 37.5 Gy, 60 Gy, 87.5 Gy respectively is recommended by Koong AC (2) and his team. Even though the local control rate is 100%, the follow up is short and the sample size of 15 patients is relatively small. Moreover, the late toxicity is not investigated. And with single fraction scheme, higher late gastrointestinal (GI) toxicities were reported (2,3,4). In the meanwhile, investigators (5, 6) from South Korea examined that a Dmax of 35Gy and 38Gy in 3 fractions (BED10 to 75.8Gy and 86.1Gy) of SBRT correlated with a 5% and 10% rate of grade 3 of gastroduodenal toxicity for abdominal malignant tumor, respectively.

Chuong (7) used 5 fractions to potentially decrease the risk of late normal tissue injury compared with 1 to 3 fractions commonly used in other institutions. Assuming α/β=3, the BED3 delivered to normal tissue in this study (using a mean 36.4 Gy in 5 fractions to the high dose PTV) was 125 Gy, which is lower than the mean BED3 from other series, the corresponding values from Boston and Stanford were 153.7 Gy (mean, 32.96 Gy in 3 fractions) and 233.3 Gy (mean, 25Gy in 1 fraction), respectively (8, 9). And a relatively lower incidence of grade ≥3 late adverse effects (5.3% VS 9%) was observed.

Since the treatment modality and dose are still under exploratory stage, we propose to conduct a Phase I study determining the maximum tolerated dose of CyberKnife SBRT on dose escalation for the treatment of locally advanced pancreatic tumor based on a 5 fractions treatment regimen. A prescription dose of 35-47.5 Gy in five fractions was chosen, with an equivalent to the traditional dose of 2 Gy in 25-39 fractions of BED10. And this is assumed to be the safe and effective dose for unresectable pancreatic cancer patients.

Study Procedure:

CyberKnife SBRT body fixation (vacuum-bag) will be used in immobilizing the body, the arms and the legs.

• Patients will undergo a plain CT as well as an enhanced pancreatic parenchymal CT for radiation treatment planning and target delineation.

• SBRT will be delivered on CyberKnife with Synchrony Respiratory Tracking system. The tumor will be tracked with implanted fiducial markers by Fiducial Tracking System. Treatment will be delivered in 5 fractions within 1 to 2 weeks at the discretion of the investigator.

• A body fixation (vacuum-bag) will be used in immobilizing the body, the arms (both arms are along the body) and the legs.

Recruitment information / eligibility

• Status: Completed
• Enrollment: 16
• Est. completion date: December 2020
• Est. primary completion date: December 2020
• Accepts healthy volunteers: No
• Gender: All
• Age group: 18 Years to 75 Years

Eligibility

Inclusion Criteria:

• Unresectable pancreatic adenocarcinoma or unsuitable/unwilling for resection which is proved by biopsy.

• A life expectancy of >3months

• Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) status =2

• Tumor size < 5 cm

• Tumor location: Head of pancreas

• Patients must be able to undergo contrast enhanced CT for planning

• Absolute neutrophil count (ANC) = 1.5 ×109 cells/L

• Leukocyte count= 3.5 ×109cells/L

• Platelets = 70×109cells/L

• Hemoglobin = 8.0 g/dl

• Albumin > 2.5 g/dL

• Total bilirubin < 3 mg/dL

• Creatinine < 2.0 mg/dL

• INR < 2 (0.9-1.1)

• Aspartate transaminase (AST) <2.5 × Upper Limit of Normal (ULN )(0-64U/L)

• Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) <2.5 × ULN(0-64U/L)

• Both men and women and members of all races and ethnic groups are eligible for this study

• Ability of the research subject or authorized legal representative to understand and the willingness to sign a written informed consent document

• Tumor markers and lab test should be done less than 1 week before recruitment

Exclusion Criteria:

• Prior surgery, chemotherapy or radiation for the pancreatic tumor

• Prior radiotherapy to the upper abdomen, evidence of metastatic disease such as nodal or distant metastases by abdomen CT and chest CT or FDG PET-CT

• Contraindication to receiving radiotherapy

• Distance between gross tumor volume (GTV) (lesion) and luminal structures (including liver, stomach, duodenum, small or large bowel) is<5 mm

• Women who are pregnant

• Participation in another clinical treatment trial while on study

• Patients in whom fiducial implantation was not possible

Related Conditions & MeSH terms

• Pancreatic Neoplasms
• Pancreatic Tumor

Intervention

Device:
• CyberKnife
Radiation Therapy

Locations

Country	Name	City	State
China	Huojun Zhang	Shanghai	Shanghai
China	HuojunZhang	Shanghai

Sponsors (1)

Lead Sponsor	Collaborator
Changhai Hospital

Country where clinical trial is conducted

China, 

References & Publications (20)

Bae SH, Kim MS, Cho CK, Kang JK, Lee SY, Lee KN, Lee DH, Han CJ, Yang KY, Kim SB. Predictor of severe gastroduodenal toxicity after stereotactic body radiotherapy for abdominopelvic malignancies. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2012 Nov 15;84(4):e469-74. doi: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2012.06.005. — View Citation

Bae SH, Kim MS, Kim SY, Jang WI, Cho CK, Yoo HJ, Kim KB, Lee DH, Han CJ, Yang KY, Kim SB. Severe intestinal toxicity after stereotactic ablative radiotherapy for abdominopelvic malignancies. Int J Colorectal Dis. 2013 Dec;28(12):1707-13. doi: 10.1007/s00384-013-1717-6. Epub 2013 Jun 18. — View Citation

Chang DT, Schellenberg D, Shen J, Kim J, Goodman KA, Fisher GA, Ford JM, Desser T, Quon A, Koong AC. Stereotactic radiotherapy for unresectable adenocarcinoma of the pancreas. Cancer. 2009 Feb 1;115(3):665-72. doi: 10.1002/cncr.24059. — View Citation

Chuong MD, Springett GM, Freilich JM, Park CK, Weber JM, Mellon EA, Hodul PJ, Malafa MP, Meredith KL, Hoffe SE, Shridhar R. Stereotactic body radiation therapy for locally advanced and borderline resectable pancreatic cancer is effective and well tolerated. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2013 Jul 1;86(3):516-22. doi: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2013.02.022. Epub 2013 Apr 5. — View Citation

Didolkar MS, Coleman CW, Brenner MJ, Chu KU, Olexa N, Stanwyck E, Yu A, Neerchal N, Rabinowitz S. Image-guided stereotactic radiosurgery for locally advanced pancreatic adenocarcinoma results of first 85 patients. J Gastrointest Surg. 2010 Oct;14(10):1547-59. doi: 10.1007/s11605-010-1323-7. Epub 2010 Sep 14. — View Citation

Goyal K, Einstein D, Ibarra RA, Yao M, Kunos C, Ellis R, Brindle J, Singh D, Hardacre J, Zhang Y, Fabians J, Funkhouser G, Machtay M, Sanabria JR. Stereotactic body radiation therapy for nonresectable tumors of the pancreas. J Surg Res. 2012 May 15;174(2):319-25. doi: 10.1016/j.jss.2011.07.044. Epub 2011 Sep 5. — View Citation

Gurka MK, Collins SP, Slack R, Tse G, Charabaty A, Ley L, Berzcel L, Lei S, Suy S, Haddad N, Jha R, Johnson CD, Jackson P, Marshall JL, Pishvaian MJ. Stereotactic body radiation therapy with concurrent full-dose gemcitabine for locally advanced pancreatic cancer: a pilot trial demonstrating safety. Radiat Oncol. 2013 Mar 1;8:44. doi: 10.1186/1748-717X-8-44. — View Citation

Hoyer M, Roed H, Sengelov L, Traberg A, Ohlhuis L, Pedersen J, Nellemann H, Kiil Berthelsen A, Eberholst F, Engelholm SA, von der Maase H. Phase-II study on stereotactic radiotherapy of locally advanced pancreatic carcinoma. Radiother Oncol. 2005 Jul;76(1):48-53. — View Citation

Kavanagh BD, Pan CC, Dawson LA, Das SK, Li XA, Ten Haken RK, Miften M. Radiation dose-volume effects in the stomach and small bowel. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2010 Mar 1;76(3 Suppl):S101-7. doi: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2009.05.071. Review. — View Citation

Kavanagh BD, Schefter TE, Cardenes HR, Stieber VW, Raben D, Timmerman RD, McCarter MD, Burri S, Nedzi LA, Sawyer TE, Gaspar LE. Interim analysis of a prospective phase I/II trial of SBRT for liver metastases. Acta Oncol. 2006;45(7):848-55. — View Citation

Koong AC, Christofferson E, Le QT, Goodman KA, Ho A, Kuo T, Ford JM, Fisher GA, Greco R, Norton J, Yang GP. Phase II study to assess the efficacy of conventionally fractionated radiotherapy followed by a stereotactic radiosurgery boost in patients with locally advanced pancreatic cancer. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2005 Oct 1;63(2):320-3. — View Citation

Koong AC, Le QT, Ho A, Fong B, Fisher G, Cho C, Ford J, Poen J, Gibbs IC, Mehta VK, Kee S, Trueblood W, Yang G, Bastidas JA. Phase I study of stereotactic radiosurgery in patients with locally advanced pancreatic cancer. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2004 Mar 15;58(4):1017-21. — View Citation

Lominska CE, Unger K, Nasr NM, Haddad N, Gagnon G. Stereotactic body radiation therapy for reirradiation of localized adenocarcinoma of the pancreas. Radiat Oncol. 2012 May 18;7:74. doi: 10.1186/1748-717X-7-74. — View Citation

Mahadevan A, Jain S, Goldstein M, Miksad R, Pleskow D, Sawhney M, Brennan D, Callery M, Vollmer C. Stereotactic body radiotherapy and gemcitabine for locally advanced pancreatic cancer. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2010 Nov 1;78(3):735-42. doi: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2009.08.046. Epub 2010 Feb 18. — View Citation

Mahadevan A, Miksad R, Goldstein M, Sullivan R, Bullock A, Buchbinder E, Pleskow D, Sawhney M, Kent T, Vollmer C, Callery M. Induction gemcitabine and stereotactic body radiotherapy for locally advanced nonmetastatic pancreas cancer. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2011 Nov 15;81(4):e615-22. doi: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2011.04.045. Epub 2011 Jun 12. — View Citation

Polistina F, Costantin G, Casamassima F, Francescon P, Guglielmi R, Panizzoni G, Febbraro A, Ambrosino G. Unresectable locally advanced pancreatic cancer: a multimodal treatment using neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (gemcitabine plus stereotactic radiosurgery) and subsequent surgical exploration. Ann Surg Oncol. 2010 Aug;17(8):2092-101. doi: 10.1245/s10434-010-1019-y. Epub 2010 Mar 12. — View Citation

Rusthoven KE, Kavanagh BD, Cardenes H, Stieber VW, Burri SH, Feigenberg SJ, Chidel MA, Pugh TJ, Franklin W, Kane M, Gaspar LE, Schefter TE. Multi-institutional phase I/II trial of stereotactic body radiation therapy for liver metastases. J Clin Oncol. 2009 Apr 1;27(10):1572-8. doi: 10.1200/JCO.2008.19.6329. Epub 2009 Mar 2. — View Citation

Rwigema JC, Parikh SD, Heron DE, Howell M, Zeh H, Moser AJ, Bahary N, Quinn A, Burton SA. Stereotactic body radiotherapy in the treatment of advanced adenocarcinoma of the pancreas. Am J Clin Oncol. 2011 Feb;34(1):63-9. doi: 10.1097/COC.0b013e3181d270b4. — View Citation

Schellenberg D, Goodman KA, Lee F, Chang S, Kuo T, Ford JM, Fisher GA, Quon A, Desser TS, Norton J, Greco R, Yang GP, Koong AC. Gemcitabine chemotherapy and single-fraction stereotactic body radiotherapy for locally advanced pancreatic cancer. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2008 Nov 1;72(3):678-86. doi: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2008.01.051. Epub 2008 Apr 18. — View Citation

Schellenberg D, Kim J, Christman-Skieller C, Chun CL, Columbo LA, Ford JM, Fisher GA, Kunz PL, Van Dam J, Quon A, Desser TS, Norton J, Hsu A, Maxim PG, Xing L, Goodman KA, Chang DT, Koong AC. Single-fraction stereotactic body radiation therapy and sequential gemcitabine for the treatment of locally advanced pancreatic cancer. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2011 Sep 1;81(1):181-8. doi: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2010.05.006. Epub 2011 May 5. — View Citation

* Note: There are 20 references in all — Click here to view all references

Outcome

Type	Measure	Description	Time frame	Safety issue
Primary	The maximum tolerated dose will be determined	The maximal tolerated dose will be defined as the dose for which at least 2 patients in 3, or at least 3 patients in 9, will present with a limiting toxicity.	2 years
Secondary	The acute toxicities following SBRT will be determined.	The acute toxicities are determined by RTOG Acute Radiation Morbidity Scoring Criteria.	1 year
Secondary	The late toxicities following SBRT will be determined.	The late toxicities are determined by RTOG/EORTC Late Radiation Morbidity	1 year
Secondary	Pain intensity will be determined.	Pain intensity is assessed by the numeric rating scales 0-10	1 year