Intrathecal Nalbuphine is a Comparable Safer Alternative to Fentanyl for Intraoperative Pain Management During Uterine Exteriorization

Pain, Acute Clinical Trial

Official title:

Intrathecal Nalbuphine is a Comparable Safer Alternative to Fentanyl for Intraoperative Pain Management During Uterine Exteriorization in Cesarean Section. A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Clinical Trial Details — Status: Completed

Administrative data

• NCT number: NCT04689217
• Other study ID #: N- 26 / 2020
• Status: Completed
• Phase: N/A
• Start date: January 1, 2021
• Est. completion date: May 1, 2021

Study information

• Verified date: May 2021
• Source: Cairo University
• Contact: n/a
• Is FDA regulated: No
• Study type: Interventional

Clinical Trial Summary

In case of cesarean section (CS) delivery, spinal anesthesia is the best anesthetic choice. It is simple to perform with rapid onset of anesthesia and lower incidence of failed block. Spinal anesthesia avoids the risk of aspiration, the neonatal depressant effect that may occur with general anesthesia (GA), and provides postoperative analgesia, however, spinal anesthesia has a lesser control on the level of blockade, may give insufficient visceral pain block and may be associated with nausea and vomiting especially during peritoneal traction, closure and uterine manipulation, exteriorization and rotation. A previous study reported nausea and vomiting in up to 70.5% patients in the spinal group while the incidence of moderate to severe pain was more frequent in exteriorized uterus patients.

Increasing the dosage of intrathecal local anesthetic may contribute to a decrease in the occurrence of intraoperative visceral pain, but at the cost of the risk and adverse effects of greater blockade.A variety of adjuvants have been used to prevent these disadvantages. The commonly used adjuvants include opioids; α2 stimulants such as clonidine and dexmedetomidine; NMDA receptor antagonist such as ketamine; GABA receptor agonists such as midazolam.

The added intrathecal opioids as fentanyl and nalbuphine to local anesthetics give a sufficient intraoperative visceral analgesia when they were used in C.S., with less sympathetic block and hemodynamic effect, and reduces the need for intraoperative analgesics with prolongation of postoperative analgesia.

Nalbuphine, a mixed agonist-antagonist opioid, has a potential to attenuate the mu-opioid effects and to enhance the kappa-opioid effects. It was synthesized attempting to produce analgesia without the undesirable side effects of mu agonist. Also, its combination with mu agonist opioids was tried by many researchers to decrease the incidence and severity of the common mu agonist side effects (respiratory depression, undesirable sedation, pruritus, bradycardia, nausea, vomiting and urinary retention), plus it can antagonize spinal induced shivering. Meanwhile, the benefits of both kappa and mu analgesia can be obtained.

Few studies compared the effects of intrathecal nalbuphine (opioid agonist-antagonist) and fentanyl (opioid agonist) as adjuvants to bupivacaine in spinal blocked for CS with variable results. However, they didn't compare their ability to control the visceral pain aggravated by uterine exteriorization in cesarean section under spinal anesthesia. This study will try to answer the question is nalbuphine effective enough in such scenario to be used routinely as a safer alternative to fentanyl, which is the opioid in common practice added to bupivacaine?

Aim of the study:

To compare the ability of the used doses in the study of intrathecal nalbuphine and intrathecal fentanyl to control the visceral pain aggravated by uterine exteriorization in cesarean section under spinal anesthesia

Objectives:

• To evaluate the visual analog scale (VAS) for visceral abdominal and shoulder pain every 5 minutes and the maximum score will be recorded for 30 minutes from the time of baby delivery.

• To calculate the total fentanyl used for VAS ⩾ 4

Recruitment information / eligibility

• Status: Completed
• Enrollment: 135
• Est. completion date: May 1, 2021
• Est. primary completion date: April 25, 2021
• Accepts healthy volunteers: Accepts Healthy Volunteers
• Gender: Female
• Age group: 20 Years to 45 Years

Eligibility

Inclusion Criteria:

• forty-two female patients

• ASA physical status I or II,

• age between 20 and 45 years,

• weight between 60 and 100 kg

• height between 160 and 180 cm

Exclusion Criteria:

• ASA III or IV,

• patient refusal,

• hypotensive patients,

• infection at the site of injection,

• coagulopathy

• weight <60 and > 100 kg,

• anticoagulant medications,

• pre-existing neurological disease.

• uncooperative patients,

• cardiac disorder

• respiratory disorder

• allergy to local anesthetics.

Related Conditions & MeSH terms

• Acute Pain
• Pain, Acute

Intervention

Drug:
• intrathecal drug injection
All patients will be put in the sitting position and lean forward. After sterilization, Dural puncture will be performed at L4-L5 interspace or L3-L4 with a 25 gauge Quincke spinal needle. The patients will be divided equally into 3 groups according to the additive (fentanyl, nalbuphine or placebo), and all patients will receive the local anesthetic dose of 0.5% heavy bupivacaine according to weight and height

Locations

Country	Name	City	State
Egypt	Cairo University hospitals	Cairo	Manial

Sponsors (1)

Lead Sponsor	Collaborator
Cairo University

Country where clinical trial is conducted

Egypt, 

References & Publications (4)

Alahuhta S, Kangas-Saarela T, Hollmén AI, Edström HH. Visceral pain during caesarean section under spinal and epidural anaesthesia with bupivacaine. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand. 1990 Feb;34(2):95-8. — View Citation

Bogra J, Arora N, Srivastava P. Synergistic effect of intrathecal fentanyl and bupivacaine in spinal anesthesia for cesarean section. BMC Anesthesiol. 2005 May 17;5(1):5. — View Citation

Gauchan S, Thapa C, Prasai A, Pyakurel K, Joshi I, Tulachan J. Effects of intrathecal fentanyl as an adjunct to hyperbaric bupivacaine in spinal anesthesia for elective caesarean section. Nepal Med Coll J. 2014 Sep;16(1):5-8. — View Citation

Pedersen H, Santos AC, Steinberg ES, Schapiro HM, Harmon TW, Finster M. Incidence of visceral pain during cesarean section: the effect of varying doses of spinal bupivacaine. Anesth Analg. 1989 Jul;69(1):46-9. — View Citation

Outcome

Type	Measure	Description	Time frame	Safety issue
Primary	intraoperative pain control	- The visual analog scale (VAS) for visceral abdominal pain in all groups after uterine exteriorization.VAS from 0 to 10 with 0 equal no pain and 10 equal the severist pain ever	30 minutes after baby delivery