Immediate Effects of Hamstring Stretching Alone or Combined With Myofascial Release

Temporomandibular Joint Disorders Clinical Trial

Official title:

The Immediate Effects of Hamstring Stretching Alone or Combined With Myofascial Release of the Hamstring Muscle on Masseter Muscle Activity, Pressure Pain Threshold, Active Mouth Opening, Hamstring Flexibility, and Forward Head Flexed Posture in Recreationally Active Participants: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Controlled Trial Study

Clinical Trial Details — Status: Recruiting

Administrative data

• NCT number: NCT05702593
• Other study ID #: 36442
• Status: Recruiting
• Phase: N/A
• Start date: July 22, 2022
• Est. completion date: February 20, 2023

Study information

• Verified date: February 2023
• Source: Ankara Yildirim Beyazit University
• Contact: Caglar Soylu, PhD
• Phone: +905078593595
• Email: caglar.soylu[@]sbu.edu.tr
• Is FDA regulated: No
• Study type: Interventional

Clinical Trial Summary

To assess the immediate effects of hamstring stretching alone or combined with myofascial release of the hamstring muscle on masseter muscle activity, pressure pain threshold, active mouth opening, hamstring flexibility, and forward head flexed posture in recreationally active participants. The young, healthy, recreationally active adults aged 18-25 years were included in the study. The participants were randomly separated into two groups of equal number. Static stretching alone was applied to one group and this was combined with myofascial release techniques (SSMR) for the other group. Masseter muscle activity was assessed using a NORAXON® surface electromyography device. Both pre-and post-intervention, mechanical pressure algometer was used to measure the pressure pain threshold, hamstring flexibility was evaluated using the maximum hip flexion and active knee extension test, the maximum mouth opening (MMO) was measured with the millimetric ruler, and forward flexed posture was evaluated using the tragus to wall distance test.

Recruitment information / eligibility

• Status: Recruiting
• Enrollment: 30
• Est. completion date: February 20, 2023
• Est. primary completion date: January 22, 2023
• Accepts healthy volunteers: Accepts Healthy Volunteers
• Gender: All
• Age group: 18 Years to 30 Years

Eligibility

Inclusion Criteria:

• Individuals who had no previous hamstring injury

• Individuals had a Straight Leg Raise test <80°

• Individuals had a pressure-pain threshold difference between two symmetrical points not exceeding 2 kg/cm2

• Individuals who had no previous hamstring injury had no deviation during mouth opening and closing

Exclusion Criteria:

• acute low back pain or musculoskeletal pain in the lower extremities

• recent spinal surgery

• previous whiplash injury

Related Conditions & MeSH terms

• Hamstring Injury
• Joint Diseases
• Stretching
• Surface EMG
• Temporomandibular Joint Disorders
• Temporomandibular Joint Dysfunction Syndrome

Intervention

Procedure:
• Static stretching
The participant was positioned supine for static stretching to be applied to the hamstring muscles. The physiotherapist flexed the participant's hip to the point where resistance to the movement was first observed, with the knee extended.At this point, after waiting for 40 seconds, it was returned to the previous position. This application was made on both sides [Bretischwerdt]. The technique was repeated three times, with a 15-second rest interval between each repetition.
• Myofascial Release
For hamstring muscles, the participants were asked to assume a long sitting position on a firm, flat surface with their arms behind their backs and their body weight on their palms. A foam roller was placed under the hamstring muscles and slowly moved the tuberositas ischii popliteus back and forth with pressure for 4 minutes.

Locations

Country	Name	City	State
Turkey	Caglar Soylu	Ankara	Keçiören

Sponsors (1)

Lead Sponsor	Collaborator
Ankara Yildirim Beyazit University

Country where clinical trial is conducted

Turkey, 

Outcome

Type	Measure	Description	Time frame	Safety issue
Primary	superficial masseter muscles EMG activity	For each subject, EMG activity was recorded from the left and right superficial masseter muscles using a multichannel EMG device.	4 weeks
Primary	Pressure pain threshold	The pressure pain threshold was measured using a mechanical pressure algometer (model Baseline® Dolorimeters - Fabrication Enterprises Inc) with a contact head of 1 cm2 area.The participant was positioned lying supine while the pressure pain threshold of the masseter muscle's central trigger point was assessed on both sides. Pressure was applied perpendicular to the masseter, gradually and continuously at a rate of about 1 kg/cm/s. The participants were requested to let the examiner know as soon as pain started to be felt. With a 2-min rest period between each experiment, three pressure pain threshold measures were taken. The average value of the three trials was calculated and used in the analysis.	4 weeks
Primary	Maximum Active Mouth Opening	A tape measure was used to determine the maximum active mouth opening (MMO). The participants were measured while laying flat on their back with the head resting on a table, the cervical spine in a neutral position, the knees slightly bent, and the upper limbs lying parallel to the torso. The subjects were instructed to open the mouth as wide as possible without inflicting discomfort. The distance between the upper and lower central incisors was measured and recorded in millimetres. For the primary analysis, the mean value of three trials was calculated.	4 weeks
Primary	Hamstring Flexibility	The Maximal Hip Flexion Active Knee Extension (MHFAKE) Test, which is an adapted active knee extension test, was performed to evaluate the hamstring flexibility of the participant. The subject was instructed to keep the hip in maximal flexion by clutching the thigh to the chest, with the hands holding the opposite elbows, and then to actively extend the knee until reaching the point of maximal tolerable stretch of the hamstring muscle or the point where pain was reported. The contralateral leg was fixed by the clinician. The angle of inclination of the mid-shin was measured at the endpoint of maximal stretch with the handheld inclinometer.	4 weeks
Primary	Tragus Wall Distance	Tragus wall distance measurement was used to evaluate spinal mobility. The participants were instructed to stand with their feet shoulder-width apart, and heels, hips, and shoulders against the wall. Then, before each measurement, the participants were asked to "stand with good posture, look straight ahead, and hold this position until the measurement is taken". The participants were then told to take a self-selected position for the head and neck that reflected their perception of "good posture". The distance between the tragus and the wall was measured and the participant was repositioned away from the wall before each measurement	4 weeks