Validity and Reliability of The 3-Meter Backward Walk Test in Individuals With Lower Limb Amputation

Lower Limb Amputation Below Knee (Injury) Clinical Trial

Official title:

Validity of 3 Meter Backward Test in Individuals With Amputations

Clinical Trial Details — Status: Completed

Administrative data

• NCT number: NCT05095584
• Other study ID #: 2021/298
• Status: Completed
• Phase: N/A
• Start date: August 5, 2021
• Est. completion date: October 30, 2021

Study information

• Verified date: March 2022
• Source: Hacettepe University
• Contact: n/a
• Is FDA regulated: No
• Study type: Interventional

Clinical Trial Summary

Clinicians are routinely required to make decisions about fall risk among lower limb prosthesis users. For these decisions, clinicians should use valid, reliable, quantitative, and multidimensional measures of balance test for individuals with lower-limb amputations. The objective of this study was therefore to establish, validity and reliability for 3 meter backward tests administered to established unilateral lower-limb amputations. This study included a total of 30 lower limb amputees [age (18-65) years]. 3 Meter Backward Walking Test, Rivermead Mobility Index, Timed Up and Go test (TUG) was applied to the patients. The second evaluation (retest) was carried out by the same physiotherapist two days following the first evaluation (test) in order to measure test-retest reliability.

Description:

Lower limb amputees (LLA) were recruited from local prosthetic clinics. The inclusion criteria were as follows: unilateral transtibial or transfemoral amputation due to traumatic, dysvascular, or oncologic causes, 18 years of age or older, one or more years of using a prosthesis (i.e., established users), and could walk independently for minimum 10 m). Patients unable to ambulate at least 10 m without an upper extremity assistive device (e.g., cane), have an orthopedic or neurological disease that might influence balance, with complications to their contralateral leg (e.g., joint replacement, arthritis, or wounds), have the severe vision and hearing impairment, amputation of a second limb and individuals with stump wounds and gait problems were not enrolled in the research. This study was conducted as a "test-retest" design and the psychometric properties of the 3-m backward walk test were examined in LLA. The Rivermead Mobility Index, 3-m backward walk test, Berg Balance Scale, Timed Up, and Go test was applied to the patients. An experienced physiotherapist performed all these tests. In order to measure test-retest reliability, the second evaluations (retest) were carried out by the same physiotherapist two days following the first evaluation (test). The same evaluator collected data in order to avoid the inter-rater variability error rate between the evaluations. The patient was evaluated at one time of the day for test and retest.

Participants were asked to walk backward within the 3-meter distance marked with black bands on the floor. Participants were asked to walk backward as soon as possible with the "walk" command, to stop at the end of 3 meters, and the elapsed time was recorded in seconds.

Individuals were allowed to look back if they wanted to. To prevent the individual from falling during walking backward and to support the individual, the physiotherapist who made the evaluation walked with an amputee. Measurements were made 3 times and the average time was recorded. During walking backward, there is a greater feeling of insecurity compared to walking forward and causes fear of falling. Therefore, the therapist stood approximately half a meter behind the patient during the test.

Recruitment information / eligibility

• Status: Completed
• Enrollment: 30
• Est. completion date: October 30, 2021
• Est. primary completion date: October 10, 2021
• Accepts healthy volunteers: Accepts Healthy Volunteers
• Gender: All
• Age group: N/A and older

Eligibility

Inclusion Criteria:

• unilateral transtibial or transfemoral amputation due to traumatic, dysvascular, or oncologic causes,

• 18 years of age or older,

• one or more years of using a prosthesis (i.e., established users),

• could walk independently for a minimum of 10 m).

Exclusion Criteria:

• ambulate at least 10 m without an upper extremity assistive device (e.g., cane),

• have an orthopedic or neurological disease that might influence balance,

• with complications to their contralateral leg (e.g., joint replacement, arthritis, or wounds),

• have severe vision and hearing impairment,

• amputation of a second limb and individuals with stump wounds and gait problems

Related Conditions & MeSH terms

• Lower Limb Amputation Below Knee (Injury)
• Lower Limb Amputation Knee

Intervention

Diagnostic Test:
• 3 meter backward walk test
validity and reliability of 3-meter backward walk test in lower limb amputation group

Locations

Country	Name	City	State
Turkey	Tezel Yildirim Sahan	Ankara

Sponsors (1)

Lead Sponsor	Collaborator
Tezel Yildirim Sahan

Country where clinical trial is conducted

Turkey, 

References & Publications (1)

Abit Kocaman A, Aydogan Arslan S, Ugurlu K, Katirci Kirmaci ZI, Keskin ED. Validity and Reliability of The 3-Meter Backward Walk Test in Individuals with Stroke. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis. 2021 Jan;30(1):105462. doi: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2020.105462. Epub 2020 Nov 13. — View Citation

Outcome

Type	Measure	Description	Time frame	Safety issue
Primary	validity and reliability of 3 meter backward walking test in lower limb amputees	validity and reliability	4 weeks