Impacts of Low-Dose Dexmedetomidine on Sleep Quality in Mechanically Ventilated ICU Patients

Mechanical Ventilation Complication Clinical Trial

Official title:

Impact of Low-Dose Dexmedetomidine on Sleep Quality in Mechanical Ventilation Patients After Surgery in Intensive Care Unit: a Pilot Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial

Clinical Trial Details — Status: Completed

Administrative data

• NCT number: NCT03335527
• Other study ID #: 2017[13]
• Status: Completed
• Phase: Phase 4
• Start date: November 17, 2017
• Est. completion date: November 30, 2019

Study information

• Verified date: December 2019
• Source: Peking University First Hospital
• Contact: n/a
• Is FDA regulated: No
• Study type: Interventional

Clinical Trial Summary

Sleep disturbances frequently occur in intensive care unit (ICU) patients undergoing mechanical ventilation. In a previous study, sedative dose dexmedetomidine (median 0.6 microgram/kg/h) improved sleep quality in mechanically ventilated patients. However, for mechanically ventilated patients, light sedation is better than deep sedation for the outcomes, which is manifested as shortened length of ICU stay, shortened duration of mechanical ventilation, and decreased mortality. In a recent study of the investigators, non-sedative low-dose dexmedetomidine (0.1 microgram/kg/h) improved sleep quality in non-mechanically ventilated elderly patients admitted to the ICU after surgery. The investigators hypothesize that, in mechanically ventilated patients who are admitted to the ICU after surgery, low-dose dexmedetomidine may also improve sleep quality.

Description:

Sleep is severely disturbed in mechanically ventilated ICU patients, especially those after surgery. Polysomnographic studies performed in these patients demonstrated a severe increase in sleep fragmentation, prolonged N1 and N2 sleep, reduced N3 and REM sleep, and an abnormal distribution of sleep because almost half of the total sleep time occurred during the daytime. Patients reported little or no sleep, poor sleep quality, frequent awakening, and daytime sleep.

Many factors are responsible for sleep disturbance in postoperative ICU patients with mechanical ventilation, these include the severity of surgical stress and illness, ICU environment, mechanical ventilation, pain, sedatives and analgesics, and various other therapy. Sleep disturbances produce harmful effects on postoperative outcomes. It is associated with increased prevalence of delirium, cardiac events and worse functional recovery. Moreover, patients with sleep disturbances are more sensitive to pain.

Unlike other sedative agents, dexmedetomidine exerts its sedative effects through an endogenous sleep-promoting pathway and produces a N2 sleep-like state. In mechanically ventilated ICU patients, nighttime infusion of sedative dose of dexmedetomidine (median 0.6 microgram/kg/h) preserved the day-night cycle of sleep and improved the sleep architecture by increasing sleep efficiency and stage N2 sleep.

Studies showed that, in mechanically ventilated patients, light sedation is better than deep sedation for patients' outcomes, including shortened duration of ventilation and length of ICU stay, and decreased mortality. Some studies even showed that no sedation (analgesia only) is better than sedation. In a recent study of non mechanical ventilated elderly patients who were admitted to the ICU after surgery, non-sedative low-dose dexmedetomidine infusion (at a rate of 0.1 microgram/kg/h during the night on the day of surgery) increased the percentage of stage N2 sleep (and decreased the percentage of N1 sleep), prolonged the total sleep time, increased the sleep efficiency, and improved the subjective sleep quality.

The investigators hypothesize that, in mechanically ventilated patients who were admitted to the ICU after surgery, low-dose dexmedetomidine infusion may also improve sleep quality.

Recruitment information / eligibility

• Status: Completed
• Enrollment: 80
• Est. completion date: November 30, 2019
• Est. primary completion date: October 31, 2019
• Accepts healthy volunteers: No
• Gender: All
• Age group: 18 Years and older

Eligibility

Inclusion Criteria:

• aged 18 years or older;

• admitted to the ICU after surgery;

• with an expected duration of mechanical ventilation of more than 12 hours (admitted before 21:00 on the day of surgery and extubated after 06:00 on the first day after surgery).

Exclusion Criteria:

• refused to participate;

• aged less than 18 years;

• pregnant;

• preoperative history of schizophrenia, epilepsy, parkinsonism, or myasthenia gravis;

• inability to communicate in the preoperative period (coma, profound dementia, or language barrier);

• brain injury or neurosurgery;

• known preoperative left ventricular ejection fraction less than 30%, sick sinus syndrome, severe sinus bradycardia (<50 beats per min), or second degree or greater atrioventricular block without pacemaker, systolic blood pressure less than 90 mmHg despite continuous infusions of vasopressors before the start of study drugs infusion;

• serious hepatic dysfunction (Child-Pugh class C);

• serious renal dysfunction (undergoing dialysis before surgery);

• less likelihood to survive for more than 24 hours;

• preoperative history of sleep disorders (requirement of hypnotics/sedatives during the last month) or history of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (diagnosed with obstructive sleep apnea);

• allergy to the study drugs;

• other conditions that are considered unsuitable for study participation.

Related Conditions & MeSH terms

• Aged
• Dexmedetomidine
• Intensive Care Units
• Mechanical Ventilation Complication
• Postoperative Period
• Sleep Disorders
• Sleep Wake Disorders

Intervention

Drug:
• Dexmedetomidine
Dexmedetomidine is administered as a continuous intravenous infusion at a rate of 0.1-0.2 ug/kg/h (0.025-0.05 ml/kg/h) from study recruitment in the ICU during mechanical ventilation, for no more than 72 hours.
• Placebo (normal saline)
Placebo (normal saline) is administered as a continuous intravenous infusion at a rate of 0.025-0.05 ml/kg/h from study recruitment in the ICU during mechanical ventilation, for no more than 72 hours.

Locations

Country	Name	City	State
China	Peking University First Hospital	Beijing	Beijing

Sponsors (1)

Lead Sponsor	Collaborator
Peking University First Hospital

Country where clinical trial is conducted

China, 

References & Publications (38)

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* Note: There are 38 references in all — Click here to view all references

Outcome

Type	Measure	Description	Time frame	Safety issue
Other	Pain intensity.	Assessment twice daily (in the morning from 06:00 to 10:00 and in the evening from 18:00 to 20:00) with the Numeric Rating Scale (NRS, an 11 point scale where 0 indicated no pain and 10 indicated the worst possible pain) at movement or the Behavior Pain Scale (BPS, an 12 point scale where 3 indicated no pain and 12 indicated the worst possible pain) at rest.	Assessed during the first 7 days after surgery.
Other	Score of Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II (APACHE II).	Score of Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II (APACHE II).	Assessed within 24 hours after ICU admission.
Other	Percentage of time within the target of sedation during mechanical ventilation.	Percentage of time within the target of sedation (Richmond Agitation-Sedation Scale -1~-2) during mechanical ventilation.	During mechanical ventilation, for a maximum of 3 days.
Primary	Sleep quality during the night of surgery.	Sleep quality assessed with Richards-Campbell Sleep Questionnaire at 08:00 on the first day after surgery.	Assessed at 08:00 on the first day after surgery.
Secondary	Incidence of delirium within the first 7 days after surgery.	Assessment twice daily (in the morning from 06:00 to 10:00 and in the evening from 18:00 to 20:00) with the Confusion Assessment Method for the Intensive Care Unit (CAM-ICU).	Assessed twice daily during the first 7 days after surgery.
Secondary	Sleep quality within the first 7 days after surgery.	Assessment once daily (at 08:00) with Richards-Campbell Sleep Questionnaire (RCSQ).	Assessed once daily during the first 7 days after surgery.
Secondary	Total sleep time	Total sleep time	Monitored with polysomnograph during the night of surgery.
Secondary	Sleep efficiency	Sleep efficiency	Monitored with polysomnograph during the night of surgery.
Secondary	Fragmented sleep index	Fragmented sleep index	Monitored with polysomnograph during the night of surgery.
Secondary	Percentages of sleep stages	Percentages of stage 1 non-rapid sleep movement sleep (N1), N2, N3 and rapid eye movement (REM) sleep.	Monitored with polysomnograph during the night of surgery.
Secondary	Duration of mechanical ventilation.	Duration of mechanical ventilation.	From ICU admission to 30 days after surgery.
Secondary	Length of stay in the ICU.	Length of stay in the ICU.	From ICU admission to 30 days after surgery.
Secondary	Length of stay in the hospital after surgery.	Length of stay in the hospital after surgery.	From date of surgery to 30 days after surgery.
Secondary	Occurrence of postoperative complications.	Occurrence of complications other than delirium within 30 days after surgery.	From date of surgery to 30 days after surgery.
Secondary	All-cause 30-day mortality.	All-cause 30-day mortality.	On the 30th day after surgery.
Secondary	30-day cognitive function.	Assessment with Telephone Interview for Cognitive Status-modified (TICS-m) in 30-day survivors.	On the 30th day after surgery.
Secondary	30-day quality of life.	Assessment with WhoQOL-Bref.	On the 30th day after surgery.
Secondary	30-day sleep quality.	Assessment with Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI).	On the 30th day after surgery.