Clinical Trials Logo

Clinical Trial Details — Status: Terminated

Administrative data

NCT number NCT01235793
Other study ID # Pro00019873
Secondary ID
Status Terminated
Phase Phase 2
First received
Last updated
Start date October 14, 2010
Est. completion date April 18, 2018

Study information

Verified date October 2018
Source Cedars-Sinai Medical Center
Contact n/a
Is FDA regulated No
Health authority
Study type Interventional

Clinical Trial Summary

The primary purpose of the study will be testing the dosing of temozolomide to find the target dose that a person can tolerate. The other part of the study will be determining how helpful it can be to CNS lymphoma patients by adding temozolomide to the "conditioning regimen" prior to stem cell transplantation.

This research study is designed to test the investigational use of temozolomide as part of a conditioning regimen prior to stem cell transplantation. This drug has not yet been approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to be used in the setting of stem cell transplantation in lymphomas of the brain (central nervous system or CNS) but it has been studied and used before in transplantation with reasonable results.


Description:

Currently there is no standard of care for relapsed or refractory primary central nervous system (CNS) lymphoma. After high-dose methotrexate or radiation therapy, the best approach to relapsed disease is undefined. Common practice is the regimen RBEAM as a conditioning regimen in this patient population prior to transplantation. The RBEAM regimen includes R (rituximab), B (BCNU), E (etoposide), A (Ara-C (cytarabine)) and M (melphalan). In addition, dexamethasone is included in the regimen although not noted in the RBEAM mnemonic. However, the melphalan used in this combination is not thought to have much CNS penetration. Therefore, temozolomide, an alkylating agent known to penetrate the CNS and approved by the FDA for brain tumors will be used and evaluated in this study instead of melphalan.

The aim of this study is to determine an effective and safe dose of temozolomide orally administered to patients with relapsed primary CNS lymphoma over the 5 days preceding autologous stem-cell transplantation. The hope is that the conditioning regimen DRBEAT [D (dexamethasone) (R (rituximab), B (BCNU), E (etoposide), A (Ara-C (cytarabine)) and T (temozolomide)] will significantly improve the survival of patients with relapsed CNS lymphoma.


Recruitment information / eligibility

Status Terminated
Enrollment 11
Est. completion date April 18, 2018
Est. primary completion date July 28, 2017
Accepts healthy volunteers No
Gender All
Age group 18 Years to 75 Years
Eligibility Inclusion Criteria:

1. Patients = 18 years of age and = 75 years of age

2. Patients must have Central Nervous System (CNS) involvement with a mature B-cell non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma, (WHO criteria)

3. Patients must meet one of the below criteria:

- Patients who have achieved a complete response (CR) or partial response (PR) after initial therapy for Central Nervous System (CNS) B-cell lymphoma, OR

- Patients with relapsed or progressed disease following therapy for CNS B-cell lymphoma who has achieved a subsequent CR or PR following salvage chemotherapy, OR

- Patients who are initially refractory to therapy for CNS B-cell lymphoma but who have achieved a CR or PR following a salvage chemotherapy regimen, OR

- Patients who have developed CNS relapse from systemic B-cell Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, and have evidence of chemotherapy sensitive lymphoma.

4. Patients fit for autologous stem cell transplantation

5. Patients able to understand and willing to sign a written informed consent document

Exclusion Criteria:

1. Patients whose life expectancy is severely limited by diseases other than malignancy

2. Karnofsky Performance Score <60

3. Patients who are pregnant or breastfeeding

4. Patients who are HIV seropositive

5. Patients who have an uncontrolled infection (presumed or documented) with progression after appropriate therapy for greater than one month

6. Patients with symptomatic coronary artery disease, uncontrolled congestive heart failure. Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction is not required to be measured, however if it is measured, patient is excluded if ejection fraction is <30%

7. Patients requiring supplementary continuous oxygen. DLCO is not required to be measured, however if it is measured, patient is excluded if DLCO <35%.

8. Patients with clinical or laboratory evidence of liver disease will be evaluated for the cause of liver disease, its clinical severity in terms of liver function and histology, and for the degree of portal hypertension. Patients with any of the following liver function abnormalities will be excluded

1. Fulminant liver failure

2. Cirrhosis with evidence of portal hypertension or bridging fibrosis

3. Alcoholic hepatitis

4. Esophageal varices

5. A history of bleeding esophageal varices

6. Hepatic encephalopathy

7. Uncorrectable hepatic synthetic dysfunction evidenced by prolongation of the prothrombin time

8. Ascites related to portal hypertension

9. Chronic viral hepatitis with total serum bilirubin >3 mg/dL

10. Symptomatic biliary disease

9. Patients with non-B-cell lymphomas or brain tumors that are not lymphomas are Excluded from the study. Non-B-cell lymphomas include: any T-cell lymphoma, natural killer (NK)-cell lymphomas, and Hodgkin lymphomas

10. Patients for whom an insufficient number of stem cells (<2 X 106/kg) have been collected

Study Design


Related Conditions & MeSH terms


Intervention

Drug:
Temozolomide
The DRBEAT regimen will be similar to RBEAM. Rituximab and Carmustine will be given Day -6. Etoposide and Cytarabine will be given on Days -5 to -2. Temozolomide will be given via divided doses over five days starting on Day -5 to Day -1. A dose escalation design, known as EWOC (Escalation with overdose control) will be used to determine the target dose of temozolomide for this study. The starting dose given over five days will begin at 250mg/m2 (cumulative total dose of 1250 mg/m2), as previous data indicates this to be a safe dose. Based on the reported Dose Limiting toxicities from the previous patients, the EWOC statistical modeling will be performed to determine the next dose level.

Locations

Country Name City State
United States Cedars Sinai Medical Center Los Angeles California

Sponsors (1)

Lead Sponsor Collaborator
Cedars-Sinai Medical Center

Country where clinical trial is conducted

United States, 

References & Publications (56)

Abrey LE, Batchelor TT, Ferreri AJ, Gospodarowicz M, Pulczynski EJ, Zucca E, Smith JR, Korfel A, Soussain C, DeAngelis LM, Neuwelt EA, O'Neill BP, Thiel E, Shenkier T, Graus F, van den Bent M, Seymour JF, Poortmans P, Armitage JO, Cavalli F; International Primary CNS Lymphoma Collaborative Group. Report of an international workshop to standardize baseline evaluation and response criteria for primary CNS lymphoma. J Clin Oncol. 2005 Aug 1;23(22):5034-43. Epub 2005 Jun 13. — View Citation

Abrey LE, Moskowitz CH, Mason WP, Crump M, Stewart D, Forsyth P, Paleologos N, Correa DD, Anderson ND, Caron D, Zelenetz A, Nimer SD, DeAngelis LM. Intensive methotrexate and cytarabine followed by high-dose chemotherapy with autologous stem-cell rescue in patients with newly diagnosed primary CNS lymphoma: an intent-to-treat analysis. J Clin Oncol. 2003 Nov 15;21(22):4151-6. — View Citation

Agarwala SS, Kirkwood JM. Temozolomide, a novel alkylating agent with activity in the central nervous system, may improve the treatment of advanced metastatic melanoma. Oncologist. 2000;5(2):144-51. Review. — View Citation

Agarwala SS, Reyderman L, Statkevich P et al Pharmacokinetic phase I study of temozolomide penetration into CSF in a patient with dural melanoma. Annals of Oncology, supplement 4 to volume 9, 1998, abstract 659 page 138

Babb J, Rogatko A, Zacks S. Cancer phase I clinical trials: efficient dose escalation with overdose control. Stat Med. 1998 May 30;17(10):1103-20. — View Citation

Babb JS, Rogatko A. Patient specific dosing in a cancer phase I clinical trial. Stat Med. 2001 Jul 30;20(14):2079-90. — View Citation

Batchelor T, Carson K, O'Neill A, Grossman SA, Alavi J, New P, Hochberg F, Priet R. Treatment of primary CNS lymphoma with methotrexate and deferred radiotherapy: a report of NABTT 96-07. J Clin Oncol. 2003 Mar 15;21(6):1044-9. — View Citation

Boiardi A, Silvani A, Pozzi A, Salmaggi A. Radiotherapy at tumor recurrence in primary CNS lymphoma. Neurology. 1998 Jun;50(6):1934-5. — View Citation

Brox LW, Gowans B, Belch A. L-phenylalanine mustard (melphalan) uptake and cross-linking in the RPMI 6410 human lymphoblastoid cell line. Cancer Res. 1980 Apr;40(4):1169-72. — View Citation

Capizzi RL, Yang JL, Cheng E, Bjornsson T, Sahasrabudhe D, Tan RS, Cheng YC. Alteration of the pharmacokinetics of high-dose ara-C by its metabolite, high ara-U in patients with acute leukemia. J Clin Oncol. 1983 Dec;1(12):763-71. — View Citation

Chabner B. Adduct-Forming Agents: Alkylating Agents and Platinum Analogs. Pp 52-53 in Harrison's Manual of Oncology 2008. Editors Chabner BA, Lynch TJ, Longo DL

Chao ST, Barnett GH, Vogelbaum MA, Angelov L, Weil RJ, Neyman G, Reuther AM, Suh JH. Salvage stereotactic radiosurgery effectively treats recurrences from whole-brain radiation therapy. Cancer. 2008 Oct 15;113(8):2198-204. doi: 10.1002/cncr.23821. — View Citation

Cheng T, Forsyth P, Chaudhry A, Morris D, Glück S, Russell JA, Stewart DA. High-dose thiotepa, busulfan, cyclophosphamide and ASCT without whole-brain radiotherapy for poor prognosis primary CNS lymphoma. Bone Marrow Transplant. 2003 Apr;31(8):679-85. — View Citation

Coiffier B, Lepage E, Briere J, Herbrecht R, Tilly H, Bouabdallah R, Morel P, Van Den Neste E, Salles G, Gaulard P, Reyes F, Lederlin P, Gisselbrecht C. CHOP chemotherapy plus rituximab compared with CHOP alone in elderly patients with diffuse large-B-cell lymphoma. N Engl J Med. 2002 Jan 24;346(4):235-42. — View Citation

Colombat P, Lemevel A, Bertrand P, Delwail V, Rachieru P, Brion A, Berthou C, Bay JO, Delepine R, Desablens B, Camilleri-Broët S, Linassier C, Lamy T. High-dose chemotherapy with autologous stem cell transplantation as first-line therapy for primary CNS lymphoma in patients younger than 60 years: a multicenter phase II study of the GOELAMS group. Bone Marrow Transplant. 2006 Sep;38(6):417-20. — View Citation

Dhodapkar M, Rubin J, Reid JM, Burch PA, Pitot HC, Buckner JC, Ames MM, Suman VJ. Phase I trial of temozolomide (NSC 362856) in patients with advanced cancer. Clin Cancer Res. 1997 Jul;3(7):1093-100. — View Citation

Ebert BL, Niemierko E, Shaffer K, Salgia R. Use of temozolomide with other cytotoxic chemotherapy in the treatment of patients with recurrent brain metastases from lung cancer. Oncologist. 2003;8(1):69-75. — View Citation

Enting RH, Demopoulos A, DeAngelis LM, Abrey LE. Salvage therapy for primary CNS lymphoma with a combination of rituximab and temozolomide. Neurology. 2004 Sep 14;63(5):901-3. Review. — View Citation

Gaspard MH, Maraninchi D, Stoppa AM, Gastaut JA, Michel G, Tubiana N, Blaise D, Novakovitch G, Rossi JF, Weiller PJ, et al. Intensive chemotherapy with high doses of BCNU, etoposide, cytosine arabinoside, and melphalan (BEAM) followed by autologous bone marrow transplantation: toxicity and antitumor activity in 26 patients with poor-risk malignancies. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol. 1988;22(3):256-62. — View Citation

Gondo H, Harada M, Miyamoto T, Takenaka K, Tanimoto K, Mizuno S, Fujisaki T, Nagafuji K, Hayashi S, Eto T, Taniguchi S, Akashi K, Harada N, Yamasaki K, Shibuya T, Matsuishi E, Ohno Y, Makino S, Takamatsu Y, Murakawa M, Teshima T, Hirota Y, Okamura T, Kinukawa N, Niho Y, et al. Autologous peripheral blood stem cell transplantation for acute myelogenous leukemia. Bone Marrow Transplant. 1997 Nov;20(10):821-6. — View Citation

Hahn T, Wolff SN, Czuczman M, Fisher RI, Lazarus HM, Vose J, Warren L, Watt R, McCarthy PL Jr; ASBMT Expert Panel. The role of cytotoxic therapy with hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in the therapy of diffuse large cell B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma: an evidence-based review. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant. 2001;7(6):308-31. Review. — View Citation

Handbook of statistics in clinical oncology By John Crowley, Donna Pauler Ankerst Pahse 1 Trials Page 8 Edition 2, 2005

Hoffmann AL, Buhk JH, Strik H. Neoplastic meningitis from breast cancer: feasibility and activity of long-term intrathecal liposomal Ara-C combined with dose-dense temozolomide. Anticancer Res. 2009 Dec;29(12):5191-5. — View Citation

Issa S, Hwang J, Karch J, et al. Treatment of primary CNS lymphoma with induction high-dose methotrexate, temozolomide, rituximab followed by consolidation cytarabine/etoposide: A pilot study with biomarker analysis. Journal of Clinical Oncology, 2006 ASCO Annual Meeting Proceedings Part I. Vol 24, No. 18S (June 20 Supplement), 2006: 7595

Jeffrey Raizer, DeAngelis Lisa, Andrew Zelenetz et al. Activity of Rituximab in Primary Central Nervous System Lymphoma PCNSL. Proc Am Soc Clin Oncol 19: 2000 (abstr 642)

Korones DN, Benita-Weiss M, Coyle TE, Mechtler L, Bushunow P, Evans B, Reardon DA, Quinn JA, Friedman H. Phase I study of temozolomide and escalating doses of oral etoposide for adults with recurrent malignant glioma. Cancer. 2003 Apr 15;97(8):1963-8. — View Citation

Lowsky et al. Research Protocol for California AML Study.

Mills W, Chopra R, McMillan A, Pearce R, Linch DC, Goldstone AH. BEAM chemotherapy and autologous bone marrow transplantation for patients with relapsed or refractory non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. J Clin Oncol. 1995 Mar;13(3):588-95. — View Citation

Nakasone H, Izutsu K, Wakita S, Yamaguchi H, Muramatsu-Kida M, Usuki K. Autologous stem cell transplantation with PCR-negative graft would be associated with a favorable outcome in core-binding factor acute myeloid leukemia. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant. 2008 Nov;14(11):1262-9. doi: 10.1016/j.bbmt.2008.08.012. — View Citation

Newton HB, Turowski RC, Stroup TJ, McCoy LK. Clinical presentation, diagnosis, and pharmacotherapy of patients with primary brain tumors. Ann Pharmacother. 1999 Jul-Aug;33(7-8):816-32. Review. — View Citation

Ostermann S, Csajka C, Buclin T, Leyvraz S, Lejeune F, Decosterd LA, Stupp R. Plasma and cerebrospinal fluid population pharmacokinetics of temozolomide in malignant glioma patients. Clin Cancer Res. 2004 Jun 1;10(11):3728-36. — View Citation

Passarin MG, Moretto G, Musso AM, Ottaviani S, Masotto B, Ghimenton C, Iuzzolino P, Buffone E, Rudà R, Soffietti R, Vattemi E, Pedersini R. Intrathecal liposomal cytarabine in combination with temozolomide in low-grade oligoastrocytoma with leptomeningeal dissemination. J Neurooncol. 2010 May;97(3):439-44. doi: 10.1007/s11060-009-0040-0. Epub 2009 Oct 31. — View Citation

Patel M, McCully C, Godwin K, Balis FM. Plasma and cerebrospinal fluid pharmacokinetics of intravenous temozolomide in non-human primates. J Neurooncol. 2003 Feb;61(3):203-7. — View Citation

Philip T, Guglielmi C, Hagenbeek A, Somers R, Van der Lelie H, Bron D, Sonneveld P, Gisselbrecht C, Cahn JY, Harousseau JL, et al. Autologous bone marrow transplantation as compared with salvage chemotherapy in relapses of chemotherapy-sensitive non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. N Engl J Med. 1995 Dec 7;333(23):1540-5. — View Citation

Plotkin SR, Betensky RA, Hochberg FH, Grossman SA, Lesser GJ, Nabors LB, Chon B, Batchelor TT. Treatment of relapsed central nervous system lymphoma with high-dose methotrexate. Clin Cancer Res. 2004 Sep 1;10(17):5643-6. — View Citation

Prados MD, Yung WK, Fine HA, Greenberg HS, Junck L, Chang SM, Nicholas MK, Robins HI, Mehta MP, Fink KL, Jaeckle KA, Kuhn J, Hess KR, Schold SC Jr; North American Brain Tumor Consortium study. Phase 2 study of BCNU and temozolomide for recurrent glioblastoma multiforme: North American Brain Tumor Consortium study. Neuro Oncol. 2004 Jan;6(1):33-7. — View Citation

Raizer JJ, Malkin MG, Kleber M, Abrey LE. Phase 1 study of 28-day, low-dose temozolomide and BCNU in the treatment of malignant gliomas after radiation therapy. Neuro Oncol. 2004 Jul;6(3):247-52. — View Citation

Relling MV, Mahmoud HH, Pui CH, Sandlund JT, Rivera GK, Ribeiro RC, Crist WM, Evans WE. Etoposide achieves potentially cytotoxic concentrations in CSF of children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia. J Clin Oncol. 1996 Feb;14(2):399-404. — View Citation

Reni M, Mazza E, Foppoli M, Ferreri AJ. Primary central nervous system lymphomas: salvage treatment after failure to high-dose methotrexate. Cancer Lett. 2007 Dec 18;258(2):165-70. Epub 2007 Nov 13. Review. — View Citation

Reni M, Zaja F, Mason W, Perry J, Mazza E, Spina M, Bordonaro R, Ilariucci F, Faedi M, Corazzelli G, Manno P, Franceschi E, Pace A, Candela M, Abbadessa A, Stelitano C, Latte G, Ferreri AJ. Temozolomide as salvage treatment in primary brain lymphomas. Br J Cancer. 2007 Mar 26;96(6):864-7. Epub 2007 Feb 27. — View Citation

Rubenstein JL, Fridlyand J, Abrey L, Shen A, Karch J, Wang E, Issa S, Damon L, Prados M, McDermott M, O'Brien J, Haqq C, Shuman M. Phase I study of intraventricular administration of rituximab in patients with recurrent CNS and intraocular lymphoma. J Clin Oncol. 2007 Apr 10;25(11):1350-6. Epub 2007 Feb 20. — View Citation

Rudek MA, Donehower RC, Statkevich P, Batra VK, Cutler DL, Baker SD. Temozolomide in patients with advanced cancer: phase I and pharmacokinetic study. Pharmacotherapy. 2004 Jan;24(1):16-25. — View Citation

Sierra del Rio M, Rousseau A, Soussain C, Ricard D, Hoang-Xuan K. Primary CNS lymphoma in immunocompetent patients. Oncologist. 2009 May;14(5):526-39. doi: 10.1634/theoncologist.2008-0236. Epub 2009 May 11. Review. — View Citation

Skeel R. Antioneoplastic Drugs and Biologic Response Modifiers: Classification, Use, and Toxicity of Clinically Useful Agents. Pp64-66 in Handbook of Cancer Chemotherapy, 5th edition 1999, Editor Skeel R

Slevin ML, Piall EM, Aherne GW, Harvey VJ, Johnston A, Lister TA. Effect of dose and schedule on pharmacokinetics of high-dose cytosine arabinoside in plasma and cerebrospinal fluid. J Clin Oncol. 1983 Sep;1(9):546-51. — View Citation

Soussain C, Hoang-Xuan K, Taillandier L, Fourme E, Choquet S, Witz F, Casasnovas O, Dupriez B, Souleau B, Taksin AL, Gisselbrecht C, Jaccard A, Omuro A, Sanson M, Janvier M, Kolb B, Zini JM, Leblond V; Société Française de Greffe de Moëlle Osseuse-Thérapie Cellulaire. Intensive chemotherapy followed by hematopoietic stem-cell rescue for refractory and recurrent primary CNS and intraocular lymphoma: Société Française de Greffe de Moëlle Osseuse-Thérapie Cellulaire. J Clin Oncol. 2008 May 20;26(15):2512-8. doi: 10.1200/JCO.2007.13.5533. Epub 2008 Apr 14. — View Citation

Soussain C, Suzan F, Hoang-Xuan K, Cassoux N, Levy V, Azar N, Belanger C, Achour E, Ribrag V, Gerber S, Delattre JY, Leblond V. Results of intensive chemotherapy followed by hematopoietic stem-cell rescue in 22 patients with refractory or recurrent primary CNS lymphoma or intraocular lymphoma. J Clin Oncol. 2001 Feb 1;19(3):742-9. — View Citation

Stupp R, Hegi ME, Gilbert MR, Chakravarti A. Chemoradiotherapy in malignant glioma: standard of care and future directions. J Clin Oncol. 2007 Sep 10;25(26):4127-36. Review. — View Citation

Stupp R, Mason WP, van den Bent MJ, Weller M, Fisher B, Taphoorn MJ, Belanger K, Brandes AA, Marosi C, Bogdahn U, Curschmann J, Janzer RC, Ludwin SK, Gorlia T, Allgeier A, Lacombe D, Cairncross JG, Eisenhauer E, Mirimanoff RO; European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer Brain Tumor and Radiotherapy Groups; National Cancer Institute of Canada Clinical Trials Group. Radiotherapy plus concomitant and adjuvant temozolomide for glioblastoma. N Engl J Med. 2005 Mar 10;352(10):987-96. — View Citation

Tighiouart M, Rogatko A, Babb JS. Flexible Bayesian methods for cancer phase I clinical trials. Dose escalation with overdose control. Stat Med. 2005 Jul 30;24(14):2183-96. — View Citation

Vassal G, Tranchand B, Valteau-Couanet D, Mahé C, Couanet D, Schoeppfer C, Grill J, Kalifa C, Hill C, Ardiet C, Hartmann O. Pharmacodynamics of tandem high-dose melphalan with peripheral blood stem cell transplantation in children with neuroblastoma and medulloblastoma. Bone Marrow Transplant. 2001 Mar;27(5):471-7. — View Citation

Vera K, Djafari L, Faivre S, Guillamo JS, Djazouli K, Osorio M, Parker F, Cioloca C, Abdulkarim B, Armand JP, Raymond E. Dose-dense regimen of temozolomide given every other week in patients with primary central nervous system tumors. Ann Oncol. 2004 Jan;15(1):161-71. — View Citation

Voloschin AD, Betensky R, Wen PY, Hochberg F, Batchelor T. Topotecan as salvage therapy for relapsed or refractory primary central nervous system lymphoma. J Neurooncol. 2008 Jan;86(2):211-5. Epub 2007 Sep 21. — View Citation

Wong ET, Tishler R, Barron L, Wu JK. Immunochemotherapy with rituximab and temozolomide for central nervous system lymphomas. Cancer. 2004 Jul 1;101(1):139-45. — View Citation

Xu Z, Tighiouart M, Rogatko A. 2007 EWOC 2.0: Interactive Software for Dose Escalation in Cancer Phase I Clinical Trials, Drug Information Journal, 41(2):221-228

Zacks s, Rogatko A, Babb J. Optimal Bayesian-feasible dose escalation for cancer phase I trials. Statistics & Probability Letters, 1998, vol. 38, issue 3, pages 215-220

* Note: There are 56 references in allClick here to view all references

Outcome

Type Measure Description Time frame Safety issue
Primary One-year Progression-free Survival and Overall Survival Efficacy of the DRBEAT Regimen will be assessed by analysis of
one-year progression-free survival (PFS), defined as the time interval from maximal response from therapy to tumor regrowth, progression*, or death, (*Progression is defined as meeting the response criteria listed in Table 4: Response Criteria for Primary Central Nervous System Lymphoma according to Abrey LE, Batchelor TT, Ferreri AJM et al.)
and
Overall survival, defined as the time interval between the date of transplant and the date of death from any cause.
(1) One Year (2) Until date of death from any cause, assessed up to 2 years
Primary Safest Dose of Temozolomide for the DRBEAT Regimen Safety will be assessed using a dose escalation design for temozolomide's use to determine the target dose and also to evaluate any and all acute treatment related toxicities. During the course of patient follow up and therapy, toxicities will be evaluated, particularly as the investigators will be determining the target dose of temozolomide. One of the major criteria for dose limiting toxicity for the study will be any Grade 3 or 4 nonhematologic toxicity from a list of commonly expected toxicities associated with autologous transplantation and temozolomide. One Year

External Links