Tacrolimus and Methotrexate With or Without Sirolimus in Preventing Graft-Versus-Host Disease in Young Patients Undergoing Donor Stem Cell Transplant for Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia in Complete Remission

Graft Versus Host Disease Clinical Trial

Official title: A Randomized Trial of Sirolimus-Based Graft Versus Host Disease Prophylaxis After Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation in Relapsed Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia

Status Completed

Clinical Trial Summary

This randomized phase III trial is studying tacrolimus, methotrexate, and sirolimus to see how well they work compared to tacrolimus and methotrexate in preventing graft-versus-host disease in young patients who are undergoing donor stem cell transplant for intermediate-risk or high-risk acute lymphoblastic leukemia in second complete remission and high risk acute lymphoblastic leukemia in first remission. Giving chemotherapy, such as thiotepa and cyclophosphamide, and total-body irradiation before a donor stem cell transplant helps stop the growth of cancer cells. It also helps stop the patient's immune system from rejecting the donor's stem cells. The donated stem cells may replace the patient's immune cells and help destroy any remaining cancer cells (graft-versus-tumor effect). Sometimes the transplanted cells from a donor can also make an immune response against the body's normal cells. Giving tacrolimus, methotrexate, and sirolimus after the transplant may stop this from happening. It is not yet known whether tacrolimus and methotrexate are more effective with or without sirolimus in preventing graft-versus-host disease.

Clinical Trial Description

PRIMARY OBJECTIVES:

I. Compare the post-transplant 2-year event-free survival of pediatric patients with intermediate-risk or high-risk acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) in second complete remission or high risk ALL in first remission undergoing allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation treated with graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) prophylaxis comprising tacrolimus and methotrexate with or without sirolimus.

SECONDARY OBJECTIVES:

I. Compare rates of relapses, transplant-related mortality, and acute and chronic GVHD in these patients.

II. Evaluate the relative contribution of resistance by ALL blasts to cytolytic therapy (e.g., chemotherapy/irradiation) as a cause of relapse post-transplantation by correlating ALL in vivo blast resistance with in vivo sirolimus, inhibition levels of the mTOR pathway in patients treated with sirolimus, and altered resistance pathways in ALL blasts measured by microarray analysis.

III. Evaluate the relative contribution of resistance by ALL blasts to the donor immune response as a cause of relapse post-transplantation by correlating the development of donor anti-ALL T-cell response, the development of acute and/or chronic GVHD, and the detection of altered ALL blast immunogenicity after transplant with increased minimal residual disease, persistent recipient chimerism, and relapse.

OUTLINE: This is a randomized, open-label, multicenter study. Patients are stratified according to specific combinations of risk (intermediate CR2 vs high CR2 vs high CR1), donor type (matched sibling vs unrelated or other related), and stem cell source (filgrastim [G-CSF]-primed bone marrow vs unprimed bone marrow vs bone marrow vs peripheral blood vs umbilical cord blood).

PREPARATIVE REGIMEN: Patients undergo total-body irradiation twice daily on days -8 to -6 and receive thiotepa IV on days -5 and -4 and cyclophosphamide IV on days -3 and -2.

ALLOGENEIC HEMATOPOIETIC STEM CELL TRANSPLANTATION: Patients undergo allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation on day 0.

GRAFT-VERSUS-HOST DISEASE (GVHD) PROPHYLAXIS: Patients are randomized to 1 of 2 treatment arms.

ARM I: (experimental) Patients receive tacrolimus IV continuously or orally (when able) daily beginning on day -2 followed by a taper beginning on day 42 and continuing until day 98 (for patients undergoing matched sibling donor transplantation) OR tacrolimus IV continuously or orally daily beginning on day -2 followed by a taper beginning on day 100 and continuing until day 180 (for patients undergoing related, unrelated, or cord blood donor transplantation) in the absence of GVHD. Patients also receive methotrexate IV on days 1, 3, and 6 (for patients with matched sibling and umbilical cord blood donors) OR days 1, 3, 6, and 11 (for patients with unrelated bone marrow and peripheral blood stem cell donors) and oral sirolimus daily beginning on day 0 followed by a taper beginning on day 180 and continuing until day 207.

ARM II: (control) Patients receive tacrolimus and methotrexate as in arm I.

After completion of study treatment, patients are followed periodically for approximately 5 years. ;

Related Conditions & MeSH terms

• B-cell Childhood Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia
• Childhood Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia in Remission
• Graft Versus Host Disease
• Graft vs Host Disease
• L1 Childhood Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia
• L2 Childhood Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia
• Leukemia
• Leukemia, Lymphoid
• Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma
• T-cell Childhood Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia

• NCT number: NCT00382109
• Study type: Interventional
• Source: Children's Oncology Group
• Status: Completed
• Phase: Phase 3
• Start date: March 2007
• Completion date: June 30, 2017