View clinical trials related to Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder.
Filter by:The investigators are conducting a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled study to assess the efficacy of d-cycloserine augmentation of cognitive-behavioral therapy for the treatment of pediatric obsessive compulsive disorder. This study represents an innovative approach in translating bench research findings into clinical research and testing a new approach for optimizing an effective psychotherapy with a safe non-psychotropic medication.
Pediatric obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) is a chronic, impairing condition that accrues significant concurrent and long-term risk to affected youth (Piacentini et al. 2003; Pine et al. 1998). Although a host of pharmacological and psychosocial treatments have proliferated over the past decade (Barrett et al., 2008), many youth fail torespond to treatment and many who do respond continue to exhibit lingering symptoms and impairment. Thus, there is still much to be done by way of optimizing treatment outcomes for pediatric OCD. Increasingly, efforts to improve existing treatments have focused on aspects of the family environment that may affect treatment adherence and the maintenance of therapeutic gains. Such work suggests that parental accommodation and criticism are common characteristics of the home environment for both adults and children with OCD (Calvocoressi et al., 1999; Peris, Roblek, Langley, Chang, McCracken, & Piacentini, 2008; Van Noppen et al., 1991) and that, in adult samples, these family features are associated with poorer treatment outcome and greater risk of relapse (Amir, Freshman, & Foa, 2000; Chambless & Steketee, 1999;Leonard et al., 1993). These family-level variables are logical targets for intervention, particularly among treatment refractory groups of youth with OCD. However, they often are unaddressed in extant interventions. The current study tests a novel intervention that specifically targets family accommodation and conflict in an effort to foster an environment that supports a graded exposure approach to treatment. The proposed treatment, Positive Family Interaction Therapy (PFIT), is composed of an innovative blend of techniques that address several potential barriers to treatment. First, the treatment is guided by the specific needs of youth with OCD and their families (e.g., accommodation, conflict). The first phase of the proposed study will involve an open case series in order to assess the utility of the PFIT protocol and feasibility of training other therapists and using the manual with a range of patient presentations. The second phase will involve a small controlled feasibility trial evaluating the extent to which recruitment, randomization, and implementation of the control condition are viable for further study. It is hypothesized that the PFIT treatment will be feasible to implement and will yield higher levels of patient satisfaction compared to treatment as usual.
In this study, the investigators hope to study a number of variables the investigators believe may help us predict why some people respond better to some medications than others. Participants will be randomly assigned to receive one of two typical medications for OCD, clomipramine or escitalopram. Individuals who would like to participate but who have previously tried one or both of these medications may instead take a newer drug, duloxetine, and undergo the identical procedures. The factors the investigators will be studying include demographics (i.e. age, gender, age of onset of OCD), genetic markers (such as variants in genes involved in breaking down drugs in the liver (cytochrome P450 system), and genes involved in several brain chemical systems, such as serotonin), the dimensions of OCD symptoms (i.e. checking, washing, and hoarding) and cortical inhibition. Cortical inhibition will be measured transcranial magnetic stimulation and is being studied because deficits in this process may be important in the development of OCD. The investigators hypothesize that certain pretreatment clinical characteristics will correlate with poor treatment response including earlier age of onset, longer duration of illness, increased YBOCS severity and presence of significant hoarding symptoms. The investigators expect that increasing degree of deficit in CI pre-treatment will predict poor treatment response, but that increase in CI from pre- to post-treatment will correlate with a positive treatment response. Differences in genetic marker status for cytochrome P450 genes will correlate with tolerability and/or response, as well as differences in genetic marker status in SLC1A1, GRIN2B, 5HT1B and 5HT2A will correlate with response.
The aim of this study is to determine whether blood levels of lithium or sertraline are affected by different phases of the menstrual cycle and whether there is an effect on psychiatric symptoms. Subjects are seen for two visits: one visit during the luteal phase and one visit during the follicular phase of the menstrual cycle. On each visit, they will fill out a depression, anxiety and mania rating scale. Also at each visit a 20mL blood sample will be drawn to measure progesterone level and either a lithium or sertraline level, depending on which medication the patient takes. The primary hypothesis in this study is that blood levels of lithium and sertraline will be significantly lower in women during the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle than during the follicular phase. Examination will also be made of whether symptoms will increase in severity during the luteal phase as compared to the follicular phase. The investigators expect a negative linear association between symptom severity and blood level, i.e. expect symptom severity to worsen as blood levels of lithium or sertraline decrease.
Even with the best available treatments for obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), most patients only partially recover and many patients do not respond at all. Such incomplete and inadequate response contributes to greater public health costs in terms of morbidity and patient care expenses. This study aims for a better understanding of abnormal brain chemistry in OCD and how it is affected by cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) in order to develop novel therapies and improve the success of existing therapies. The main hypothesis is that CBT will change levels of the excitatory neurotransmitter glutamate in OCD patients in a region of the brain involved in OCD known as the cingulate cortex.
Roughly one-third of patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) do not experience significant clinical benefit from first-line interventions such as pharmacotherapy with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRI) or cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT). Furthermore, OCD patients typically experience the full treatment benefits of first-line interventions only after a time-lag of two to three months. Inadequate symptom relief and delay of symptom relief from first-line treatments are sources of substantial morbidity and decreased quality of life in OCD patients. Converging lines of evidence from neuroimaging, genetic and pharmacological studies support the importance of glutamate abnormalities in the pathogenesis of OCD. The investigators are conducting an open, uncontrolled study of ketamine in treatment-refractory OCD. Ketamine is a potent antagonist of the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor and has been demonstrated to have rapid anti-depressant effects in patients with Major Depressive Disorder. The investigators have additionally provided evidence for rapid improvement of comorbid OCD and trichotillomania after ketamine infusion in a depressed woman. Failure of symptom relief and delay of symptom relief from first-line treatments are a source of substantial morbidity and decreased quality of life in OCD patients. Ketamine represents the possibility to provide rapid symptom relief to OCD patients and may provide the mechanism for future drug development to treat OCD more rapidly and effectively.
The main aim of this study is to test whether cognitive behavior therapy could be effective in treating obsessive compulsive disorder. Here, the investigators test the in group effects of a 15 week long treatment delivered via the Internet for residents in Stockholm County.
Cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) is an effective treatment for obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) but there is a lack of properly trained CBT therapists. One possible treatment alternative is Internet-based CBT (ICBT) with minimal therapist input. The aim of this study was therefore to evaluate ICBT for OCD.
Obsessive compulsive Disorder (OCD) is a frequent psychiatric disorder. Obsessions and compulsions are the two manifestations of this disease. Obsessions are recurrent anxious ideas, and compulsions repetitive behavior aiming to decrease this anxiety. OCD symptoms have been associated with cortical and sub-cortical dysfunctions and more precisely an hyperactivity of prefrontal cortex / basal ganglia loops. Functional neuro-imagery studies have shown a significant decrease of orbito-frontal cortex, anterior cingulate cortex, caudate nucleus and cerebellum activities after two OCD reference treatments : medication and Cognitive and Behavioral Therapy (CBT). Two groups of 20 patients are included in this study and follow a CBT for 15 sessions. They are randomised in two groups : one proposing a "reference CBT", the other associate CBT to a new psychopedagogic task developed by the investigators team. Clinical investigations and neuro-imagery data are collected at the main steps of therapies : before, during (half-therapy), at the end of therapies and 6 month later. Symptoms severity, patients and relatives quality of life are also assessed.
Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a relatively common psychiatric condition, which is classically treated by antidepressant medications in combination with psychotherapies. However, both these conventional therapeutic approaches fail to sufficiently improve obsessive-compulsive symptoms in 20-30% of cases. From these considerations, deep brain stimulation (DBS), as a reversible and adjustable surgical procedure, has recently been introduced in the field of resistant OCD. DBS currently uses electrodes with four contacts on each lead, which are bilaterally implanted into the chosen brain structure. DBS consists of the delivery of a high-frequency current through the quadripolar electrodes connected to a battery powered pulse-generating device. Several clinical investigations have shown that DBS, primarily targeting either the ventral striatum (VS) or the subthalamic nucleus (STN), as brain sites of interest because of their particular involvement in the production of OCD symptoms, is able to produce an approximately 40% or greater reduction in clinical symptom intensity in severely chronic and incapacitating forms of OCD. These promising findings lead to propose a comparison of the efficacy, safety and tolerability of DBS choosing either the VS or STN as brain target by conducting a large controlled trial and including a medico-economic analysis for assessing the classical cost/efficacy ratio. In this way, the present study is expected to promote and highlight the importance of DBS, as an effective, safe, well-tolerated and cost-relevant surgical approach for the management of resistant OCD.