Effects of Vitamin D on Skeletal Muscle Strength in Resistance Trained Adult Females

Nutritional Requirements Clinical Trial

Official title:

Effects of Vitamin D on Skeletal Muscle Strength in Resistance Trained Adult Females

Clinical Trial Details — Status: Not yet recruiting

Administrative data

• NCT number: NCT05489666
• Other study ID #: 22-306
• Status: Not yet recruiting
• Phase: N/A
• Start date: September 1, 2022
• Est. completion date: February 1, 2023

Study information

• Verified date: August 2022
• Source: Auburn University
• Contact: Nilophar L Zandieh, MS
• Phone: 9492447504
• Email: nlz0005[@]auburn.edu
• Is FDA regulated: No
• Study type: Interventional

Clinical Trial Summary

The majority of vitamin D research has been done in non-athletic populations, particularly older populations, to analyze muscle weakness, pain, balance, and fractures. It has been reported that over a billion people worldwide are vitamin D deficient, including 36-70% of the young adult population. Previous literature also suggests that, even among healthy athletes, over 50% of subjects sampled had inadequate or insufficient vitamin D levels. Vitamin D deficiency can occur in young women, including pregnant women, and the risk of deficiency is even higher with advancing age in a woman's lifecycle. It is known that preserving skeletal muscle (SM) function is critical for women of all ages to prevent sarcopenia. Two factors in preserving SM are protein intake and resistance training. Relatively unknown are the actions of Vitamin D on SM function. Vitamin D deficiency can have a negative effect on SM function . However, additional research is needed to investigate the increase in SM strength when the serum concentration of vitamin D is improved. It is possible that an athlete may require an increased intake of vitamin D to assure adequate availability and storage for optimal performance; however, is known that food sources of vitamin D are limited in sufficient quantity to meet these requirements. Athletes who are insufficient will require a supplement of vitamin D3 for up to 5000 IU/day for at least eight weeks, to potentially reach optimal levels, then 1000-2000 IU/day for maintenance.

Description:

The investigators seek to determine if women with a vitamin D serum concentration lower than 50 nmol/L and who regularly resistance train will improve strength performance outcomes when taking a daily supplement of 5000 IU of vitamin D3 over an 8-week period, as compared to the same demographic of women who do not take a daily supplement of vitamin D3. The participants will receive "Nature's Bounty Vitamin D3, 5,000 IU, soft gels" and the PI will be providing the supplement and the placebo. A pre-intervention data collection and screening (PRE) will be performed involving blood draw, food log, a body composition test (using Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry [DEXA]), and a BioDex testing to determine maximal muscle strength. Following PRE testing, the participants will be divided into one of two groups: 1) taking a vitamin D3 supplement (n=20) or, 2) taking a placebo. The participants will be instructed to continue their resistance training regimen. Training will be logged and turned in to the PI weekly. The participants will perform a post-intervention data collection (POST), which includes the same test from PRE. Variables of interest will include changes in: 1) blood level of vitamin D, 2) muscle and fat mass, and 3) leg strength/power during the BioDex test.

Recruitment information / eligibility

• Status: Not yet recruiting
• Enrollment: 40
• Est. completion date: February 1, 2023
• Est. primary completion date: November 30, 2022
• Accepts healthy volunteers: Accepts Healthy Volunteers
• Gender: Female
• Age group: 19 Years to 55 Years

Eligibility

Inclusion criteria will include:

Participant will need to answer "yes" to the following items:

1. female

2. not pregnant

3. between the ages of 19-55 years old

4. a non-smoker

5. currently resistance training (i.e., lifting weights) for more than 2 days/week for a minimum of > 24 months

6. free of any known overt cardiovascular or metabolic disease

7. not an active user of tanning beds

8. not consuming now or haven't consumed within the last 6 months, a vitamin D or multivitamin supplement or a form of a supplement with vitamin D added

9. not consuming now or haven't consumed within the last 2 months, agents that affect hormones (testosterone boosters, growth hormone boosters, etc.) (does not include birth control/oral contraceptives)

10. not allergic to rubbing alcohol

Exclusion criteria will include:

1) Outside of study inclusion parameters

Related Conditions & MeSH terms

• Nutrition Status
• Nutritional Requirements
• Sports Nutritional Sciences

Intervention

Dietary Supplement:
• Nature Made Vitamin D3 5,000 IU, 125mcg
Taking a 5,000 IU oral supplement of Vitamin D3, daily, for 8 weeks, may improve strength performance in women who have and are continuing a resistance trained workout regimen. After blood vitamin D levels have been raised to an optimal range, a lower dosage may be assigned as needed from 5,000 IU per day to 1,000-2,000 IU per day.
• Placebo
Resistance trained women may not improve their strength performance with low levels of vitamin D in the blood.

Locations

Country	Name	City	State
n/a

Sponsors (1)

Lead Sponsor	Collaborator
Auburn University

References & Publications (12)

Abrams GD, Feldman D, Safran MR. Effects of Vitamin D on Skeletal Muscle and Athletic Performance. J Am Acad Orthop Surg. 2018 Apr 15;26(8):278-285. doi: 10.5435/JAAOS-D-16-00464. Review. — View Citation

Bartoszewska M, Kamboj M, Patel DR. Vitamin D, muscle function, and exercise performance. Pediatr Clin North Am. 2010 Jun;57(3):849-61. doi: 10.1016/j.pcl.2010.03.008. Review. — View Citation

Chiang CM, Ismaeel A, Griffis RB, Weems S. Effects of Vitamin D Supplementation on Muscle Strength in Athletes: A Systematic Review. J Strength Cond Res. 2017 Feb;31(2):566-574. doi: 10.1519/JSC.0000000000001518. Review. — View Citation

Dahlquist DT, Dieter BP, Koehle MS. Plausible ergogenic effects of vitamin D on athletic performance and recovery. J Int Soc Sports Nutr. 2015 Aug 19;12:33. doi: 10.1186/s12970-015-0093-8. eCollection 2015. Review. — View Citation

de la Puente Yagüe M, Collado Yurrita L, Ciudad Cabañas MJ, Cuadrado Cenzual MA. Role of Vitamin D in Athletes and Their Performance: Current Concepts and New Trends. Nutrients. 2020 Feb 23;12(2). pii: E579. doi: 10.3390/nu12020579. Review. — View Citation

Han Q, Li X, Tan Q, Shao J, Yi M. Effects of vitamin D3 supplementation on serum 25(OH)D concentration and strength in athletes: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. J Int Soc Sports Nutr. 2019 Nov 26;16(1):55. doi: 10.11 — View Citation

Knechtle B, Nikolaidis PT. Vitamin D and Sport Performance. Nutrients. 2020 Mar 21;12(3). pii: E841. doi: 10.3390/nu12030841. — View Citation

Ksiazek A, Zagrodna A, Slowinska-Lisowska M. Vitamin D, Skeletal Muscle Function and Athletic Performance in Athletes-A Narrative Review. Nutrients. 2019 Aug 4;11(8). pii: E1800. doi: 10.3390/nu11081800. Review. — View Citation

Ogan D, Pritchett K. Vitamin D and the athlete: risks, recommendations, and benefits. Nutrients. 2013 May 28;5(6):1856-68. doi: 10.3390/nu5061856. Review. — View Citation

Stockton KA, Mengersen K, Paratz JD, Kandiah D, Bennell KL. Effect of vitamin D supplementation on muscle strength: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Osteoporos Int. 2011 Mar;22(3):859-71. doi: 10.1007/s00198-010-1407-y. Epub 2010 Oct 6. Review. — View Citation

Tomlinson PB, Joseph C, Angioi M. Effects of vitamin D supplementation on upper and lower body muscle strength levels in healthy individuals. A systematic review with meta-analysis. J Sci Med Sport. 2015 Sep;18(5):575-80. doi: 10.1016/j.jsams.2014.07.022. — View Citation

Wicinski M, Adamkiewicz D, Adamkiewicz M, Sniegocki M, Podhorecka M, Szychta P, Malinowski B. Impact of Vitamin D on Physical Efficiency and Exercise Performance-A Review. Nutrients. 2019 Nov 19;11(11). pii: E2826. doi: 10.3390/nu11112826. Review. — View Citation

* Note: There are 12 references in all — Click here to view all references

Outcome

Type	Measure	Description	Time frame	Safety issue
Primary	Biodex Strength performance change	Taking a daily supplement of 5,000 IU of vitamin D3 may change strength outcomes measured in newton meters (Nm).	8 weeks
Secondary	Serum 25(OH)D status	Taking a daily supplement of 5,000 IU of vitamin D3 may change blood levels of vitamin D.	8 weeks