View clinical trials related to Nosocomial Pneumonia.
Filter by:Adverse events are frequent in Neonatal Intensive Care Units' (NICU) patients and account for a high morbidity and mortality. Possible severe adverse events are central line associated bloodstream infections (CLABSI), ventilator and catheter associated adverse events and medication errors. Severity of the patient's outcome after an adverse event can be classified using the National Coordinating Council for Medication Error Reporting and Preventing (NCC MERP) Index for categorizing medication errors. The study will test the hypothesis that rates of adverse events in NICU patients will be reduced by the implementation of an educational program for the NICU caregivers (nurses and physicians), consisting of strategies for recognizing and preventing adverse events in their unit. These strategies will be oriented to prevent CLABSI, medication errors, skin and nasal complications and ventilator and catheter-associated adverse events. This trial has a stepped wedge cluster design, in which the NICUs from 12 hospitals in France will be randomized to the timing of implementation of the educational program. In order to describe the adverse events occurring during the study period, an anonymous voluntary adverse event reporting system will be provided to the caregivers of the participating units. A nested study will examine how caregivers communicate with the patients' parents in case of adverse event (disclosure or not, and caregivers' reasons). The rates of adverse events will be measured retrospectively using a neonatal NICU trigger tool.
Intensive Care Unit (ICU) acquired pneumonia, including ventilator-associated pneumonia, is a frequently occurring health-care associated infection, which causes considerable morbidity, mortality and health care costs. Important pathogens causing ICU pneumonia are Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The epidemiology of ICU pneumonia and patient-related and contextual factors is not fully described, but is urgently needed to support the development of effective interventions.
The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of antioxidant vitamins (vitamins C and E) on the development of coagulation derangements and nosocomial pneumonia after severe trauma in patients.
1. To observe clinical and bacteriologic responses of different regimens of piperacillin/tazobactam (4.5g q6h, prolonged or intermittent infusion) for treatment of nosocomial pneumonia. 2. To describe the pharmacokinetic profile of piperacillin/tazobactam (4.5g q6h, prolonged or intermittent infusion) in patients with nosocomial pneumonia. 3. To assess the safety profiles of piperacillin/tazobactam 4.5g q6h, prolonged or intermittent infusion in patients with nosocomial pneumonia.
Understudied drugs will be administered to children per standard of care as prescribed by their treating caregiver and only biological sample collection during the time of drug administration will be involved. A total of approximately 7000 children aged <21 years who are receiving these drugs for standard of care will be enrolled and will be followed for up a maximum of 90 days. The goal of this study is to characterize the pharmacokinetics of understudied drugs for which specific dosing recommendations and safety data are lacking. The prescribing of drugs to children will not be part of this protocol. Taking advantage of procedures done as part of routine medical care (i.e. blood draws) this study will serve as a tool to better understand drug exposure in children receiving these drugs per standard of care. The data collected through this initiative will also provide valuable pharmacokinetic and dosing information of drugs in different pediatric age groups as well as special pediatric populations (i.e. obese).
This is a retrospective, observational, non-interventional drug study using de-identified data from two administrative claims datasets. The study design and analysis will reflect the perspective of the commercially insured. The objectives of this study are twofold: 1. To compare the rates of re-hospitalization among patients treated with either linezolid orally or IV, or vancomycin IV for complicated skin and skin structure infections (cSSSI) or pneumonia hospitalization. 2. To compare the total direct medical costs of patients treated with linezolid orally or IV, or vancomycin IV for cSSSI or pneumonia hospitalization.
Poor oral hygiene is associated with respiratory pathogen colonization and secondary lung infection.The possible association between oral care and incidence of VAP, and the role of dental plaque, mouth and tracheal colonization have not been firmly established. The investigators' hypothesis was that improving oral care with electrical toothbrushing might be effective in reducing the incidence of VAP.
Hospital infections play an important role in the increase of patients' morbimortality and hospitalization costs, especially in the case of individuals admitted to intensive care units (ICU) during postoperative heart surgery. Analysis of the epidemiological profile of the hospital infections in the pediatric-ICU (P-ICU) of Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo (HCFMRP-USP) demonstrated a 31.1% incidence of pneumonia (PNM) and a rate of ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) of 23.81 per 1000 ventilators-day between March 2004 and February 2005 in the group submitted to cardiac surgery. Knowledge of the pathophysiology and risk factors associated with this infection allows for measures aiming at reducing its incidence. The objective of the present study is to evaluate the effect of oral hygiene with a 0.12% chlorhexidine solution on the incidence of PNM and PAV in children submitted to cardiac surgery.
Oropharyngeal bacteria play an important role in the pathogenesis of nosocomial pneumonia in critically ill patients. Oral cleansing with chlorhexidine has been shown to decrease incidence of pneumonia in patients undergoing open heart surgery. Its role in critically ill general ICU patients is not yet proven. The present study proposes to study the effectiveness of twice-daily oral cleansing with 0.2% chlorhexidine solution on the incidence of nosocomial pneumonia in ICU patients admitted to a single intensive care unit of an Indian public hospital
The purpose of this study is to compare the safety and effectiveness of levofloxacin with imipenem/cilastatin in the treatment of hospital-acquired pneumonia