Clinical Trial Details
— Status: Active, not recruiting
Administrative data
| NCT number |
NCT02687958 |
| Other study ID # |
GOIRC 02/2014 |
| Secondary ID |
|
| Status |
Active, not recruiting |
| Phase |
Phase 2
|
| First received |
|
| Last updated |
|
| Start date |
May 2015 |
| Est. completion date |
December 2023 |
Study information
| Verified date |
May 2023 |
| Source |
Gruppo Oncologico Italiano di Ricerca Clinica |
| Contact |
n/a |
| Is FDA regulated |
No |
| Health authority |
|
| Study type |
Interventional
|
Clinical Trial Summary
Cisplatin and Etoposide is the standard of care in NEC originating from the gastro-intestinal
tract and lung, based on retrospective studies.
Nevertheless the prognosis of this group of patients is still poor with median survival of
less than 20 months.
Everolimus is an mammilian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitor that has been demonstrated to
be active in patients with well and moderately differentiated primitive neuroectodermal tumor
(pNET).
Recently, the Investigators demonstrated that the mammilian target of rapamycin (mTOR)
pathway is overexpressed in NEC.
Based on the activity of Everolimus in the treatment of patients with well and moderately
differentiated p-NET and on the evidence that even poorly differentiated forms express the
pathway of m-TOR is conceivable that Everolimus could be active even in NEC.
Description:
A platinum based chemotherapy (Cisplatin or Carboplatin) plus Etoposide is the standard of
care in NEC originating from the gastro-intestinal tract and lung, based on retrospective
studies. In these clinical studies and in clinical practice the median number of cycle
administered is six due to dose depending toxicity of platinum and to the concept of maximum
response.
The expression of mTOR pathways was evaluated in gastroenteropancreatic - Neuroendocrine
tumor (GEP-NEC).
The Investigator found that 6/9 (67%) of poorly differentiated GEP-NEC evaluated expressed p
mTOR. Interestingly this expression was not observed in small cell carcinoma (10).
Recently, was demonstrated that the mTOR pathway is overexpressed in NEC (11). Based on the
activity of Everolimus in the treatment of patients with well and moderately differentiated
p-NET and on the evidence that even poorly differentiated forms express the pathway of m-TOR
is conceivable that Everolimus could be active even in NEC. In particular we want to test the
hypothesis that a maintenance therapy (or an early second line) with Everolimus 10 mg/daily
in non progressive patients after first line chemotherapy could improve outcome prolonging
progression free survival (PFS).
The NORDIC NEC study recently published retrospectively analyzed 305 patients with metastatic
GI NEC (or unknown primary predominantly with GI metastases).
In this large retrospective study patients with Ki-67 < 55% are less responsive to platinum
based chemotherapy but have a longer survival than patients with Ki-67 > 55%; then Ki-67 <
55% is a positive prognostic factor and a negative predictive factor to platinum based
chemotherapy (7).
These data indicate that GI-NEC might be not consider as a unique entity, even if they are
all classified as G3 according to WHO 2010 classification.
In this randomized Phase 2 trial the investigator want to evaluate the activity of Everolimus
10 mg/daily as maintenance therapy in patients with NEC and Ki-67 < 55%.
In fact this subgroup of NEC patients could benefit mostly from a maintenance treatment with
Everolimus 10 mg/daily since they are less chemo responder and they show better prognosis as
G1-G2 NET.
There is not a standard second line therapy for NEC patients treated with platinum based
doublet, nevertheless Temozolamide and Capecitabine (TX) represent a regimen used in this
setting, based on small and retrospective series (8). Therefore in our study we recommend
that all patients at first progression (even if out of the study) will receive TX
(Capecitabine 750 mg/m2 po BID days 1-14 plus Temozolomide 200 mg/m2 po quaque die (QD) days
10-14 q28) in order to homogenize second line treatment. However, second line treatment is
chosen by single investigators.
The aim of this study is to evaluate the activity of a maintenance therapy (or early second
line) with Everolimus 10 mg daily in patients with stable disease, partial response or
complete response after 6 cycles of induction chemotherapy with Cisplatin or Carboplatin plus
Etoposide or alternative first line chemotherapy administered according to clinical practice.
The primary endpoint is progression free survival (PFS) defined as the time between
randomization and the first evidence of progressive disease or date of death, whichever
occurs first. Documentation of disease progression will be defined as per Response Evaluation
Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST 1.1) criteria based on investigator assessment. The
censoring date for a patient who is known to be progression-free would be the date of the
last tumor assessment.
Secondary objectives are :
- Overall survival (OS) defined as the time from randomization to death from any cause
- Safety profile: Safety of the treatment will be evaluated by serious and non serious
adverse events (AEs). AEs will be graded according to the Common Toxicity Criteria for
Adverse Effects (CTCAE v4.03)
- Evaluation of prognostic/predictive factors on tumoral tissue of patients treated with
maintenance everolimus 10 mg/daily. The expression of mTOR and kinases involved in its
pathway will be assessed by immunohistochemistry (IHC)
- Detection and count of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) from peripheral blood samples by
VERIDEX® and correlation between CTCs number and outcome of patients in terms of PFS and
OS
- Detection of circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) and correlation between ctDNA levels and and
outcome of patients in terms of PFS and OS. Evaluation of mTOR pathway genes mutations
on ctDNA
This study population will comprise subjects diagnosed with GEP-NEC or large-cells
neuroendocrine carcinoma of the Lung with Ki67< 55% with stable disease, partial of complete
response after 6 cycles of first line chemotherapy.
Adverse Event: An AE is any noxious, unintended, or untoward medical occurrence that may
appear or worsen in a subject during the course of a study. It may be a new intercurrent
illness, a worsening concomitant illness, an injury, or any concomitant impairment of the
subject's health, including laboratory test values (as specified by the criteria below),
regardless of etiology. Any worsening (i.e., any clinically significant adverse change in the
frequency or intensity of a preexisting condition) should be considered an AE. A diagnosis or
syndrome should be recorded on the AE page of the case report form (CRF) rather than the
individual signs or symptoms of the diagnosis or syndrome.
Disease progression is not to be reported as an AE. An overdose, accidental or intentional,
whether or not it is associated with an AE, or abuse, withdrawal, sensitivity or toxicity to
an investigational product should be reported as an AE. If an overdose is associated with an
AE, the overdose and adverse event should be reported as separate terms.
All subjects will be monitored for AEs during the study. Assessments may include monitoring
of any or all of the following parameters: the subject's clinical symptoms, laboratory,
pathological, radiological or surgical findings, physical examination findings, or other
appropriate tests and procedures.
All AEs will be recorded by the Investigator from the time the subject signs informed consent
to at least 30 days after the last dose of CT or until the last study visit, whichever period
is longer. Adverse Events and serious adverse events (SAEs) will be recorded on the AE page
of the CRF and in the subject's source documents. All SAEs must be reported to PIs within 24
hours of the Investigator's knowledge of the event by facsimile, or other appropriate method,
using the SAE Report Form, or approved equivalent form. All SAEs will be also reported to
Novartis safety desk within 15 days of learning.
Serious adverse events will be summarized.
Safety analyses: All pats who receive at least 1 dose of study drug will be evaluated for
safety and toxicity. Adverse event (AE) terms and severity grades will be assigned by the
investigator using CTCAE v. 4.03.
Safety analyses will include listings and/or summaries of the following:
- Treatment emergent adverse events (TEAEs), including seriousness, severity and possible
relationship to study drug
- Dose adjustments
- CTCAE grades for laboratory and non laboratory parameters
Number of Patients: Thirty pts (20 in experimental arm and 10 in the control arm) will be
randomized
Statistical method: This is an open-label study. Patients who meet all inclusion/exclusion
criteria for enrollment will be allowed to enroll in the study. Those patients entering the
study during all the trial will be allocated to arm A or arm B. Assignment to treatment will
be determined prior to Cycle 1 d1 using an interactive response system by mail at a central
location. Patients will be sequentially allocated to arm A or arm B with a 1:2 ratio.
This is a phase II study not powered for statistical comparison between arm A and B. The
number of patients is sufficient for an exploratory analysis of the activity of Everolimus as
maintenance therapy in this setting of patients. Only if the results in this analysis will be
encouraging, a second step of the study will be powered for a comparison between arm A and B.
