View clinical trials related to Microbiota.
Filter by:In this prospective observational cohort study the potential clinical consequences of antibiotic use in early life and perturbations in the gastrointestinal microbiota composition due to that antibiotic use are studied. It is hypothesized that altered microbiota may be an important underlying mechanism for impediments in the developing immune system. Differentiation will be made between a group of neonates who received antibiotics in the first week of life, and control infants who were not exposed to antibiotics in the neonatal period.
The primary purpose of this study is to evaluate the effect of an IMO nutritional supplement on gut microbiome, gut health, and body weight. Two formulations of the supplement will be evaluated; thus, there will be three study arms: Supplement A, Supplement B, and placebo. Stool samples will be analyzed for bacterial DNA. The gut bacterial DNA, body weight, and gut health data will be compared across supplement and placebo groups. Primary Aim 1: To evaluate the effect of the IMO supplement on gut bacterial abundance, diversity, and gene function across intervention and placebo groups, and across two doses of the intervention. Secondary Aim 1: To evaluate the effect of the IMO supplement on gut health across intervention and placebo groups, and across two doses of the intervention. Secondary Aim 2: To evaluate the effect of the IMO supplement on body weight across intervention and placebo groups, and across two doses of the intervention. 60 subjects, randomized to three arms (20 each: Supplement formula A, Supplement formula B or placebo) will take a daily dose of Supplement A, Supplement B, or placebo for 8 weeks. The supplement is a light syrup liquid. Ingredients that are in the supplement are: isomalto-oligosaccharide, water, mannitol, maltose, glucose, and glycerol. Ingredients that are in the placebo are: high maltose corn syrup (Satin Sweet™), water, and mannitol. Dose will be 500 mg during the first 4 weeks and then 1000 mg for second 4 weeks. Subjects will be instructed to take 500 mg/day of the supplement or placebo the first four weeks and 1000 mg/day of the supplement or placebo for the second four weeks. Subjects will be blinded as to whether they are receiving placebo or supplement. After screening and once enrolled, subject involvement includes visits to George Mason University, being weighed, dropping off stool samples, and completing a survey on gut health. Stool samples will be analyzed for bacterial DNA. The gut bacterial DNA, weight, and gut health data will be compared across supplement and placebo groups.
The colonization of the neonatal gastro-intestinal (GI) tract begins at birth and is influenced by several factors, such as mode of delivery, gestational age, maternal intestinal and vaginal microbiota, type of feeding, hospitalization after birth and use of antibiotics and probiotics. Gut microbiota of term infants, vaginally delivered and exclusively breastfed, shows a low count of C. difficile and E. coli and a high number of Bifidobacteria and Lactobacilli, which positively influence the host's immunity processes; hence, is considered to be ideally healthy. Group B Streptococcus (GBS) represents one of the most important causes of neonatal infections and sepsis. Infants vaginally delivered may acquire GBS during the birth process from maternal vagina, cervix or rectum, where it resides in 10-20% of pregnant women. In the last decade, the incidence of early-onset GBS sepsis is significantly reduced, due to the introduction of GBS universal screening during late pregnancy and consequent intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis (IAP) in GBS-positive women. The use of antibiotics in early life is shown to alter the commensal gut microbiota, thereby impairing the balance between health and disease later in life. The effect of IAP on bacterial colonization of the infant's gut, however, has not been largely investigated. The investigators have previously evaluated the effect of IAP in a relatively small sample of exclusively breast-fed term infants vaginally delivered by means of molecular techniques; at 7 days of life there were several differences in microbiota composition between infants IAP-exposed and not exposed. This observational prospective study thus aims to evaluate these differences in further detail, expanding the initial sample to formula-fed term infants and following up infants until one month of age. By including formula-fed infants, the investigators additionally aim to evaluate the influence of feeding type on the neonatal microbiota composition.
Background: - Normal bacteria and other tiny organisms are found in healthy human mouths. These are called oral microbiota. It is unclear exactly how the oral microbiota may affect health. For example, if the microbial composition is abnormal, it may lead to mouth conditions like periodontitis. Researchers want to study how the microbiota changes over time. This can help them plan future disease studies. Objectives: - To see if and how oral microbiota change over time. Eligibility: - Forty adult employees of the National Cancer Institute Shady Grove. Design: - For 12 hours before the first visit, participants will not eat or drink (except water). They will not brush, floss, use mouthwash, chew gum, eat lozenges or candies, smoke cigarettes, or chew tobacco. - At the first visit, participants will: - Be given a saliva collector. They will spit 2 mL of saliva into it. - Fill out an online questionnaire. - Every 2 months, participants will visit the clinic and repeat visit 1. - The study ends after 1 year. Sponsoring Institute: National Cancer Institute
This study is being done to understand if using birth control causes changes in the immune cells within the reproductive tract of healthy women. Immune cells are important because they help prevent infections from starting and help fight infections that have started. Immune cells are also the type of cells that HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) infects so understanding more about them will help to better understand how to prevent the spread of HIV. Immune cells will be studied from the reproductive tract of women who want to start using one of the following contraceptives: Depo-Provera (DMPA), NET-EN, MPA/E2 (Cyclofem®), the levonorgestrel subdermal implant (Jadelle® ), the etonogestrel subdermal implant (Implanon® or Nexplanon® ) and the copper IUD.
To examine the cognitive and metabolic effects of a probiotic supplement that is readily and already available for purchase in public drug stores. This study is a double-blinded randomized cross-over placebo-controlled intervention study. Participants will be randomized to receive either the probiotic supplement or the placebo during the first intervention period which will last 2 weeks. This will be followed by a washout period, after which they will proceed to the second intervention period, also lasting 2 weeks and also followed by a washout period.
NUTRIOSE is a food ingredient defined as a carbohydrate polymer of vegetable origin (wheat starch or corn) with a degree of polymerization ≥ 3 and chemically transformed. It is soluble in aqueous solution, very poorly digested in the small intestine, it mostly reaches the colon where it stimulates fermentation. AFSSA, in its opinion of July 30, 2007, considers that this ingredient is a "soluble dietary fiber." The objective of this research is to determine, among healthy subjects, the effect of this dietary fiber on changes in gut microbiota and digestive tolerance during a 28 days consumption. Microbiological analyzes will be performed by RT-PCR. Digestive tolerance will be measured by the intelligence of a questionnaire by volunteers.
Background: - Normal bacteria and other tiny organisms (the microbiota) live in the mouth and nose. They contribute to human health in many ways, including digesting food and balancing hormones. Testing samples from the mouth can show how microbiotas are related to health and disease. However, the microbiota in a person's mouth differs depending on the methods of collection and the part of the mouth that is tested. Understanding what can change the microbiota (including mouth sites, and what a person eats or smokes) will give more information on how to study oral microbiota and smoking-related cancers and other diseases. Objectives: - To see how smoking affects the microbiotas in mouth and nose. - To determine which collection method for mouth specimens should be used for studying microbiota. Eligibility: - Individuals at least 18 years of age who have been using tobacco products regularly for at least 5 years. - Individuals at least 18 years of age who have never smoked. Design: - Participants will be screened with a physical exam and medical history. - Participants will have a dental exam. They will provide a saliva sample. The dentist will take swabs from the inside of the mouth, including the tongue, tonsils, gums, and teeth. The inside of the nose will also be swabbed. - Participants will also fill out a questionnaire. It will ask about their history of smoking and consumption of alcohol, tea, and coffee. It will also ask about current medications, including antibiotics.
Pulmonary inflammation is an independent risk factor for disease progression in cystic fibrosis patients (CF). Yet, no effective treatment is known to reduce this detrimental inflammation. Dysbiosis of the gut microbiota has been linked to inflammation in several inflammatory diseases. As children with CF have different faecal microbiota from their healthy siblings, modulating gut microbiota by lactobacillus rhamnosus diet supplementation might be a strategy to target the inflammatory state in CF. Study subjects (CF or healthy control) will receive either placebo or lactobacillus rhamnosus once daily as dietary supplementation for 12 weeks. After a one-week washout phase, they will be switched for another 12 weeks to the other trial arm. Effect on in intestinal and pulmonary inflammation as well as clinical outcome will be studied.
The gut microbiota is considered to constitute a "microbial organ" which has pivotal roles in the intestinal diseases and body's metabolism. Evidence from animal and human studies strongly supports the link between intestinal bacteria and inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). Dozens of studies reported its efficacy in treatment of severe Clostridium difficile colitis. Preliminary studies using FMT for Ulcerative Colitis (UC), Crohn's diseases, irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and constipation have also met with some success. This is an initial step into investigating the potential efficacy of standardized fecal bacteriotherapy through mid-gut (at least below duodenal papilla) for UC, the investigators propose to determine the efficiency and safety of FMT in a series of 500 patients with moderate to severe UC (Montreal classification).