View clinical trials related to Mental Retardation.
Filter by:This study will explore conditions caused by the absence of certain genes on chromosome 11. These conditions include WAGR syndrome, which is characterized by a kidney tumor called Wilm s tumor, aniridia (absence of the iris of the eye), genital and urinary abnormalities, mental retardation, and possibly other symptoms. This study will examine how the genes on chromosome 11 affect people and whether the absence of specific genes is associated with specific symptoms. Healthy normal volunteers, people with isolated aniridia, and people with WAGR or another chromosome 11 gene deletion may be eligible for this study. Participants must be at least 6 years old. Parents of patients may also participate for genetic studies. Participants undergo some or all of the following procedures, depending on whether they are a child, adult, healthy volunteer or parent of a patient: - Medical history and physical examination, eye examination, blood, urine and saliva tests, electrocardiogram (EKG) and electroencephalogram (EEG) - X-rays, scans and other tests to measure body composition (fat, muscle and bone development and thickness) and MRI to examine the eyes and the brain and to measure abdominal fat - Ultrasound studies of the kidneys, ovaries and uterus (in females) and testes (in males) - Meal tests, food diaries and food preference tests - Questionnaires about eating and sleep habits, personality and character traits and responses to pain and injury - Neuropsychological tests - Tests of resting metabolic rate, energy expenditure and glucose (sugar) tolerance - Hot and cold sensitivity tests, vibration sensitivity test, cold tolerance test and smell identification test - Eye and hearing tests - Nerve conduction studies and study of sensory information conduction from peripheral nerves to the spinal cord and brain - Computer photography - Evaluation by sub-specialists (e.g., endocrinologist, ophthalmologist, physiatrist, neurologist or others) as indicated by the patient s medical history and test results
Relatively few health promotion and disease prevention programs have included or targeted people with disabilities, and even fewer have focused on individuals with intellectual disabilities. The long-term objectives of the Healthy Lifestyles for People with Intellectual Disabilities Study (HLID) are to increase the health of persons with intellectual disabilities by establishing the efficacy of a health promotion program and promoting its adoption. The HLID Study is based in the Center on Community Accessibility (CCA) at Oregon Health & Science University. The mission of CCA is to increase the health and health-related quality of life of persons with disabilities. A pilot study conducted by CCA has established the effectiveness of the Healthy Lifestyles (HL) intervention among a cross-disability population in increasing health behavior adoption. The specific aim of the HLID Study is to test the efficacy of the HL program specifically with adults with intellectual disabilities. The HLID Study uses a randomized control study design. The HL intervention will be administered to 75 adults and will compare results to those of an additional 75 adults who receive no intervention. Measurement will include anthropometric assessments to measure impacts on overweight and obesity, as well as self-report measures of healthy behaviors, health status, health care utilization, and secondary conditions. Results will be shared with research participants, presented through professional conferences and newsletters, and published in peer-reviewed journals with the assistance of community partners.
This study will examine the effect of bright light or melatonin treatment on sleep in children with Smith-Magenis syndrome (SMS), a genetic disorder characterized by certain physical, behavioral and developmental features. Patients have a disrupted sleep cycle involving early waking, frequent daytime napping and frequent nighttime awakenings. Melatonin is a hormone normally produced at night in healthy people. People with SMS produce high levels of melatonin during the daytime and very low levels at night. This may affect their behavior, mood, attention span and sleep patterns. Healthy volunteers between 18 and 45 years of age and children with SMS who are between 3 and 16 years of age may be eligible for this study. Healthy subjects are admitted to the NIH Clinical Center overnight. In the morning they take one dose of time-release melatonin and have blood and saliva samples collected hourly from 7:00 AM to 6:00 PM. Children with SMS participate in a 2-part study, as follows: Part 1 Inpatient Trial Pre-trial at-home phase: During the month before NIH inpatient admission, participants do the following: - Wear an actiwatch device or keep a daily sleep diary to monitor daytime alertness, mood shifts and sleep patterns. - Complete a behavior assessment survey related to the child s behaviors and sleep patterns. - Obtain frequent body temperature measurements. - Collect several saliva samples over a 24-hour period. NIH admission phase: - Children are admitted to the NIH Clinical Center for 2-3 nights for bright light treatment. They remain in their rooms for alternating periods of exposure to standard dim room light and bright light, using a light box placed within 3 to 5 feet of the child. An electroencephalogram (EEG) with additional electrodes to track eye movements is used to monitor the child s attention. Between 8AM and 6PM serial blood samples are collected to measure melatonin levels. A parent rates the child s mood and behavior during the 2-day test period. - Children are admitted to the NIH Clinical Center for 2-3 nights for melatonin treatment. They take a single dose of melatonin or placebo tablet at bedtime. During the daytime, EEG electrodes are placed to track eye movements. Between 7 PM and 7 AM serial blood samples are collected to measure melatonin levels. A parent rates the child s behavior and mood as described for the bright light study. - Children may receive either or both of the bright light and melatonin treatments. Part 2 Outpatient Trial Children participate in a combined bright light with melatonin trial at home. They undergo the same procedures outlined in the pre-trial at-home phase of Part 1 (actiwatch, behavior assessments, body temperature measurements, saliva samples) over an 11-week period. If saliva samples cannot be collected for melatonin testing, 24-hour urine samples may be collected instead.
This is an open-label clinical research study of an oral glycopyrrolate liquid for the treatment of chronic moderate to severe drooling in patients with cerebral palsy or other neurological conditions. Patients participating in the study will receive oral glycopyrrolate liquid (1 mg/5 ml) three times a day (TID) for study duration of 24 weeks. After a washout, screening, and 2-day baseline period, patients will be enrolled in a 4-week dose titration period. Glycopyrrolate liquid doses will be titrated using dose levels in the Dose Titration Schedule. Titration will begin at 0.02 mg/kg per dose TID and sequentially increased in 0.02 mg/kg per dose increments TID every 5-7 days during the first four weeks until optimal individualized response is obtained for each patient or a maximum dose of 0.1 mg/kg TID is reached, not exceeding 3 mg TID or Dose-level 5 in the Dose Titration Schedule, whichever is lesser. Optimal dose for each patient is the dose at which he/she is receiving the maximum benefit from the study drug (greatest improvement in drooling) while experiencing minimum side effects. All patients will receive close attention by study staff throughout the study.
The BIS monitor is a tool which assists anesthesiologists in monitoring the depth of anesthesia or level of anesthesia. The study doctors would like to see if it is useful tool for patients who are mentally challenged and require anesthesia.
The purpose of this study is to assess the efficacy and tolerability in "real-world" clinical practice, of adjunctive zonisamide treatment in adult patients with developmental disabilities and epilepsy.
This survey aims to investigate the prevalence of spasticity among adults who live in community settings in Davidson County, Tennessee. The treatment of spasticity in those who live in community homes could significantly increase a person's quality of life by allowing them to participate more independently in activities of daily living, or by making assistance easier for caregivers.
This study is being done to see if children with learning problems can learn how to swallow pills without chewing them. The reason this is important is that if a person has seizures, medications must be taken every day. Most medications need to be taken 2 or 3 times per day. Some medications have slow release and only are taaken once per day. Medications with slow release usually come in capsule form and cannot be opened or chewed. This study investiates whether children with developmental delay can be taught how to swalow pills.
The specific is to study the MR morphologic and spectroscopic brain correlates and predictors of development in children with severe developmental disorders (autistic spectrum disorders and/or mental retardation and/or language disorders). Given the frequently observed association of autism with known medical conditions, particularly in cases with comorbid mental retardation and in cases with atypical autism (Rutter et al., 1994; Gillberg, 1995), children with suspected autism or related developmental disorders will be asked to participate in an extensive state of the art laboratory work-up which includes T1 and T2 weighted MRI of the brain. MRI data will be analyzed both qualitatively, looking for focal abnormalities and degree of myelination, and quantitatively, measuring volumes of total brain, cerebellum, ventricles and grey and white matter. For research purposes, the work-up will be supplied with proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (MRS) of the brain. This data set provides the opportunity to chart brain-behavior relationships in young children with suspected autism and related PDD cross-sectionally.
Psychiatric drugs are often used to treat behavioral symptoms of mental retardation/developmental delay (MR/DD). These drugs can cause serious side effects. Newer drugs may have decreased side effects. This study will compare new and old drugs used to treat behavioral symptoms in people with MR/DD.