Total Placenta Previa Associated With the Placenta Accreta Spectrum.

Maternal; Procedure Clinical Trial

— PAS  

Official title:

Diagnostic Accuracy of MRI to Predict Peripartum Hysterectomy and Neonatal Mortality in Total Placenta Previa: A Retrospective Cohort Study.

Clinical Trial Details — Status: Completed

Administrative data

• NCT number: NCT06219564
• Other study ID #: SBU-OBGYN-SK-01
• Status: Completed
• Phase: N/A
• Start date: November 1, 2017
• Est. completion date: June 30, 2023

Study information

• Verified date: January 2024
• Source: Saglik Bilimleri Universitesi Gazi Yasargil Training and Research Hospital
• Contact: n/a
• Is FDA regulated: No
• Study type: Interventional

Clinical Trial Summary

To assess the reliability of placental magnetic resonance imaging measurements in predicting peripartum hysterectomy and neonatal outcomes in patients with total placenta previa.

Description:

Study design and patients This study analyzed the outcomes of a cohort of 372 pregnant women diagnosed with PP over five years, from November 2017 to June 2023. The patient population for the study included women between the ages of 17 and 42 who were in their third trimester of pregnancy (27th to 37th weeks of gestation) and had received a t-PP diagnosis via color Doppler ultrasonography (cd-USG) and/or p-MRI. The resulting cohort compared a final sample population of 277 singleton pregnant women with t-PP, which comprised 150 pregnant women who underwent antenatal p-MRI examinations in the third trimester and 127 pregnant women who did not undergo a p-MRI.

Standards of reference The study covered all singleton pregnancies in which t-PP extended to both the anterior and posterior uterine walls, resulting in complete coverage of the internal cervical os by the placenta. Transvaginal and transabdominal USG were planned between 32 and 34 weeks for all patients who were followed up in our clinic due to t-PP and were scheduled to be delivered. The gestational ages of the participants were determined using the last menstrual date and crown-rump length (CRL) measurements from a first-trimester ultrasound. Two perinatologists with at least ten years of experience examined each patient's cd-USG for signs of PAS. Ultrasonographic signs identified included placental lacunae, placenta previa involving the cervix, loss of the clear zone, and bladder wall interruption.

Two radiologists with at least ten years of experience, independently of each other, evaluated p-MRI scans of pregnant women diagnosed with t-PP without prior knowledge of the original reports.

Definitive diagnosis and pathological reporting Pathological reports and approvals were granted according to a rigorous protocol involving at least two pathologists, each with a minimum of seven years of professional expertise in their field.

p-MRI image interpretations The assessment focused on analyzing the different positions of the atypical placenta in the lower uterine segment, including the anterior, posterior, anterolateral, and posterolateral locations. Precise measurements were taken to calculate the placental volume in the S1 and S2 sectors, cervical canal length, and cervical canal dilatation. Based on sagittal p-MRI scans, the placental invasion was classified into two main areas. Implementing a plane perpendicular to the upper bladder's axis facilitated the boundary of these sectors. The term S1 refers to the upper uterine segment that forms the part of the uterus that contacts the bladder's posterior wall. Likewise, the lower uterine segment, identified as S2, was formed in the lower posterior wall of the bladder. Radiologists conducted a sector-wise (S1 and S2) examination of the invasion topography, which allowed them to identify specific invasion locations, including parametrial and cervical involvement and bladder interruption.

Multidisciplinary team The operations of patients who gave birth due to PAS were performed by the same multidisciplinary team, which included perinatologists, gynecological and obstetric surgeons, gynecological oncologists, urologists, neonatologists, cardiovascular surgeons, anesthesiology and reanimation specialists, interventional radiologists, and allied health personnel with ten years of experience.

Scheduled surgery and preoperative preparations All participants in our study underwent cesarean births during the third trimester of pregnancy. Except for urgent situations, all scheduled preterm cesarean deliveries and p-TAH procedures were conducted during the gestational period of 34+0 to 36+6 weeks. Among the patients admitted to our clinic due to t-PP, surgical intervention was performed before the planned delivery date in cases of uterine contraction, the onset of vaginal bleeding, or unexpected medical indications for the mother and fetus.

Statistical Method and Power Analysis G*Power V. 3.1.9.6 estimated sample size. All p-MRI values of patients with and without PAS were compared in the reference study, and the difference was substantial. Using 95% confidence (1-α), 95% test power (1-β), d=0.8 effect size, and the two-way hypothesis, the study contained 84 cases, with a minimum of 42 in each group. The study included 155 cesarean sections and 122 TAH cases; post hoc analysis revealed a power of 99.9%. 16 Data were analyzed using IBM SPSS V23. ROC analysis determined the surgical procedure variable cut-off values. Univariate and multivariate binary logistic regression analyses examined independent surgical risk factors. Backward-Wald method was used for multivariate binary logistic regression. The analysis findings present mean ± standard deviation, median (minimum-maximum), and frequency (percentage) for quantitative and categorical variables. Intraclass correlation coefficients and Kappa (k) tests were conducted to assess intra- and inter-observer agreement reliability. The significance level was set at p<0.05.

Recruitment information / eligibility

• Status: Completed
• Enrollment: 277
• Est. completion date: June 30, 2023
• Est. primary completion date: June 21, 2023
• Accepts healthy volunteers: Accepts Healthy Volunteers
• Gender: Female
• Age group: 17 Years to 42 Years

Eligibility

Inclusion Criteria:

• 27th to 37th weeks of gestation

• Third trimester of pregnancy

• Pregnants had received a t-PP diagnosis via color Doppler ultrasonography (cd-USG) and/or placental MRI (p-MRI).

• All singleton pregnancies in which t-PP extended to both the anterior and posterior uterine walls, resulting in complete coverage of the internal cervical os by the placenta

Exclusion Criteria:

• Any cases of low-lying/marginal placenta previa

• Preoperative hemoglobin level < 9 g/dL

• Pregnant women with coagulation disorders

• Morbid obesity

• Multiple fetal pregnancies

• Individuals delivered before < 27 weeks of gestation

Related Conditions & MeSH terms

• Maternal; Procedure
• Placenta Previa

Intervention

Procedure:
• Peripartum total abdominal hysterectomy (p-TAH)
Peripartum total abdominal hysterectomy (cesarean hysterectomy) refers to a surgical procedure in which a woman undergoes both a cesarean section (C-section) and a hysterectomy simultaneously. Placenta Accreta, Increta, or Percreta: These are conditions where the placenta attaches too deeply to the uterine wall. In cases of severe attachment, it may be difficult to remove the placenta without causing excessive bleeding, and a hysterectomy may be required. Cesarean hysterectomy is a major surgical procedure involving significant medical expertise and coordination among healthcare professionals, including obstetricians and surgeons. The decision to perform a cesarean hysterectomy is usually made in emergency situations to address life-threatening complications.
• Cesarean Section (C/S)
A cesarean section (C/S) involves making an incision in the abdominal wall and uterus to deliver a baby when a vaginal delivery is not feasible or safe. Total placenta previa refers to a condition where the placenta completely covers the opening of the cervix in the uterus. This condition can pose significant risks during pregnancy and childbirth, and it often necessitates a planned cesarean section (C/S) for delivery.

Other:
• Neonatal mortality
Neonatal mortality refers to the death of a newborn within the first 28 days of life. This period is divided into early neonatal mortality, which covers the first seven days of life, and late neonatal mortality, which extends from the eighth to the 28th day. Neonatal mortality is a critical measure of the health and well-being of infants and is often used to assess a population's overall health and healthcare systems. To reduce neonatal mortality, efforts are made to improve maternal healthcare, access to prenatal care, skilled attendance during childbirth, and the availability of neonatal healthcare services. Tracking and addressing factors contributing to neonatal mortality are crucial for improving the chances of survival of newborns and overall health outcomes.

Locations

Country	Name	City	State
Turkey	University of Health Sciences Adana City Training and Research Hospital, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology	Adana	Yüregir

Sponsors (1)

Lead Sponsor	Collaborator
Saglik Bilimleri Universitesi Gazi Yasargil Training and Research Hospital

Country where clinical trial is conducted

Turkey, 

References & Publications (20)

Altal OF, Qudsieh S, Ben-Sadon A, Hatamleh A, Bataineh A, Halalsheh O, Amarin Z. Cervical tourniquet during cesarean section to reduce bleeding in morbidly adherent placenta: a pilot study. Future Sci OA. 2022 Mar 8;8(4):FSO789. doi: 10.2144/fsoa-2021-008 — View Citation

Bhide A, Laoreti A, Kaelin Agten A, Papageorghiou A, Khalil A, Uprichard J, Thilaganathan B, Chandraharan E. Lower uterine segment placental thickness in women with abnormally invasive placenta. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand. 2019 Jan;98(1):95-100. doi: 10.11 — View Citation

Chen X, Shan R, Song Q, Wei X, Liu W, Wang G. Placenta percreta evaluated by MRI: correlation with maternal morbidity. Arch Gynecol Obstet. 2020 Mar;301(3):851-857. doi: 10.1007/s00404-019-05420-5. Epub 2020 Jan 4. — View Citation

Elmaraghy AM, Taha Fayed S, Abd ElHamid Ali M, Ali Hassanien M, Mohamed Mamdouh A. Diagnostic Accuracy of Placental Thickness in Lower Uterine Segment Measured by Ultrasound in Prediction of Placenta Accreta Spectrum in Patients with Placenta Previa. A Di — View Citation

Gulati A, Anand R, Aggarwal K, Agarwal S, Tomer S. Ultrasound as a Sole Modality for Prenatal Diagnosis of Placenta Accreta Spectrum: Potentialities and Pitfalls. Indian J Radiol Imaging. 2021 Oct 19;31(3):527-538. doi: 10.1055/s-0041-1735864. eCollection — View Citation

Hecht JL, Baergen R, Ernst LM, Katzman PJ, Jacques SM, Jauniaux E, Khong TY, Metlay LA, Poder L, Qureshi F, Rabban JT 3rd, Roberts DJ, Shainker S, Heller DS. Classification and reporting guidelines for the pathology diagnosis of placenta accreta spectrum — View Citation

Hobson SR, Kingdom JC, Murji A, Windrim RC, Carvalho JCA, Singh SS, Ziegler C, Birch C, Frecker E, Lim K, Cargill Y, Allen LM. No. 383-Screening, Diagnosis, and Management of Placenta Accreta Spectrum Disorders. J Obstet Gynaecol Can. 2019 Jul;41(7):1035- — View Citation

Huijgen QC, Gijsen AF, Hink E, Van Kesteren PJ. Cervical tourniquet in case of uncontrollable haemorrhage during caesarean section owing to a placenta accreta. BMJ Case Rep. 2013 Apr 22;2013:bcr2013009237. doi: 10.1136/bcr-2013-009237. — View Citation

Imafuku H, Tanimura K, Shi Y, Uchida A, Deguchi M, Terai Y. Clinical factors associated with a placenta accreta spectrum. Placenta. 2021 Sep 1;112:180-184. doi: 10.1016/j.placenta.2021.08.001. Epub 2021 Aug 5. — View Citation

Jauniaux E, Ayres-de-Campos D, Langhoff-Roos J, Fox KA, Collins S; FIGO Placenta Accreta Diagnosis and Management Expert Consensus Panel. FIGO classification for the clinical diagnosis of placenta accreta spectrum disorders. Int J Gynaecol Obstet. 2019 Ju — View Citation

Jauniaux E, Bhide A, Kennedy A, Woodward P, Hubinont C, Collins S; FIGO Placenta Accreta Diagnosis and Management Expert Consensus Panel. FIGO consensus guidelines on placenta accreta spectrum disorders: Prenatal diagnosis and screening. Int J Gynaecol Ob — View Citation

Jauniaux E, Hussein AM, Fox KA, Collins SL. New evidence-based diagnostic and management strategies for placenta accreta spectrum disorders. Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol. 2019 Nov;61:75-88. doi: 10.1016/j.bpobgyn.2019.04.006. Epub 2019 Apr 30. — View Citation

Jha P, Poder L, Bourgioti C, Bharwani N, Lewis S, Kamath A, Nougaret S, Soyer P, Weston M, Castillo RP, Kido A, Forstner R, Masselli G. Society of Abdominal Radiology (SAR) and European Society of Urogenital Radiology (ESUR) joint consensus statement for — View Citation

Matsuzaki S, Nagase Y, Takiuchi T, Kakigano A, Mimura K, Lee M, Matsuzaki S, Ueda Y, Tomimatsu T, Endo M, Kimura T. Antenatal diagnosis of placenta accreta spectrum after in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Sci R — View Citation

Morel O, Collins SL, Uzan-Augui J, Masselli G, Duan J, Chabot-Lecoanet AC, Braun T, Langhoff-Roos J, Soyer P, Chantraine F; International Society for Abnormally Invasive Placenta (IS-AIP). A proposal for standardized magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) descr — View Citation

Palacios Jaraquemada JM, Bruno CH. Magnetic resonance imaging in 300 cases of placenta accreta: surgical correlation of new findings. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand. 2005 Aug;84(8):716-24. doi: 10.1111/j.0001-6349.2005.00832.x. — View Citation

Romeo V, Verde F, Sarno L, Migliorini S, Petretta M, Mainenti PP, D'Armiento M, Guida M, Brunetti A, Maurea S. Prediction of placenta accreta spectrum in patients with placenta previa using clinical risk factors, ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging — View Citation

Salmanian B, Fox KA, Arian SE, Erfani H, Clark SL, Aagaard KM, Detlefs SE, Aalipour S, Espinoza J, Nassr AA, Gibbons WE, Shamshirsaz AA, Belfort MA, Shamshirsaz AA. In vitro fertilization as an independent risk factor for placenta accreta spectrum. Am J O — View Citation

Takahashi H, Matsubara S. Placental thickness measurement is difficult in some cases. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand. 2019 Feb;98(2):264-265. doi: 10.1111/aogs.13443. Epub 2018 Sep 12. No abstract available. — View Citation

Vermey BG, Buchanan A, Chambers GM, Kolibianakis EM, Bosdou J, Chapman MG, Venetis CA. Are singleton pregnancies after assisted reproduction technology (ART) associated with a higher risk of placental anomalies compared with non-ART singleton pregnancies? — View Citation

* Note: There are 20 references in all — Click here to view all references

Outcome

Type	Measure	Description	Time frame	Safety issue
Primary	Assessment of risk factors affecting peripartum hysterectomy in placenta previa patients undergoing without MRI screening	Binary measure indicating whether peripartum hysterectomy occurred (yes/no).	Assessed during the peripartum period, within the first two days postpartum.
Primary	Clinical risk factors affecting p-TAH in patients with t-PP undergoing p-MRI.	Binary measure indicating whether peripartum hysterectomy occurred (yes/no).	Assessed during the peripartum period, within the first 2 days postpartum.
Primary	Identification of risk factors affecting neonatal mortality regardless of whether MRI scanning is used.	Binary measure indicating whether neonatal mortality occurred (yes/no).	Assessed at the time of delivery.
Secondary	The ROC analysis of the placental volume (S1 and S2 sectors), CCL, and CCD obtained from the p-MRI scan for indications of peripartum hysterectomy	Assessment of the ability of different variables (S1, S2, CCL, CCD) to indicate the need for peripartum hysterectomy.	Assessed based on ROC analysis.
Secondary	Peripartum Hysterectomy Occurrence	Participants and Procedures: Two surgery procedures are compared: Cesarean Section (C/S) and Total Abdominal Hysterectomy (TAH).; The participants are divided into those who underwent C/S (155 cases) and TAH (122 cases).; Risk factors that could potentially impact surgery type: Age of the mother; Prior D&C procedure; Previous C-section delivery; Vaginal delivery without complications; Past myomectomy surgery; Hysteroscopy procedure; Weeks of gestational age; Antepartum hemorrhage; Fetal birth weight; Blood product transfusions; MRI screenings (S1, S2, CCL, CCD)	Assessed during the peripartum period, within the first 2 days postpartum.