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Clinical Trial Details — Status: Completed

Administrative data

NCT number NCT06243965
Other study ID # 5547
Secondary ID
Status Completed
Phase
First received
Last updated
Start date January 1, 1997
Est. completion date August 31, 2023

Study information

Verified date January 2024
Source Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS
Contact n/a
Is FDA regulated No
Health authority
Study type Observational

Clinical Trial Summary

The oncologic benefit of lateral neck dissection (LND) during index operation for sporadic medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) basing on basal calcitonin (bCT) levels has been questioned due to the potential post-operative complications. This study aims to evaluate desmoplastic reaction (DSR), as predictor of nodal metastases, for definition of surgical strategy. Data from pathological report of MTC after operations between 1997 and 2022 were collected. The primary endpoint of the study was evaluating the risk factors for nodal metastases. The secondary endpoints analyzed the correlations between DSR and nodal metastases and the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) of DSR for nodal metastases.


Description:

Medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) is a rare neuroendocrine tumor associated with aggressive biological behavior and a tendency for earlier lymphatic spread compared with differentiated thyroid carcinoma. Most MTCs are sporadic (75%), although some (25%) are hereditary, either familial or occurring in association with multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2 (MEN 2) syndrome. In contrast to hereditary MTC, sporadic MTC presents as multifocal disease only in 10% of patients. As the most common clinical presentation is an asymptomatic solitary thyroid nodule, sporadic MTC detection is often late. Consequently, it is usually diagnosed as advanced disease, with cervical node involvement in most patients (70%) and compressive symptoms of the upper aerodigestive tract (15% of cases). Indeed, at the time of diagnosis, MTC presents with nodal involvement of central and lateral compartment in 50-81% and 34-81% of patients, respectively. Approximately 5% to 10% of patients with sporadic MTC even present with distant metastasis to the liver, lung, bones, brain and skin. Complete surgical resection of the primary tumor and regional metastases is the cornerstone for locoregional disease control, since adjuvant therapy remains ineffective for the treatment of sporadic MTC. Moreover, as the number of positive lymph nodes and involved anatomical compartments are cancer-specific prognostic factors, early and accurate diagnosis of regional lymph nodes involvement is crucial for determining the surgical strategy. However, pre-operative diagnosis of MTC-related nodal disease is challenging due to the low sensitivity of imaging studies on detecting regional spread. Therefore, clinical decisions are often based upon biomarkers, mainly basal calcitonin levels, to predict nodal involvement and plan the surgical extent. Several associations have advocated in favor of this approach, although not with a strong recommendation, by suggesting prophylactic neck dissections based on basal calcitonin levels, especially for the lateral compartments. However, recent studies challenge this approach since a significant portion of patients were exposed to operations with increased morbidity without nodal spread on final histology or obvious survival benefits. As a consequence, the need to develop new predictive tools to tailor the surgical extent to each patient is paramount. Desmoplasia, defined as the newly paraneoplastic formed stromal reaction surrounding the invasive epithelial tumor cells, has recently resurfaced as a morphological parameter with distinct clinical relevance in MTC. Significant correlation of desmoplasia with lymph node metastasis has been described in literature, with a higher specificity in predicting the nodal metastasizing pattern when compared with other morphological features. More specifically, the absence of desmoplasia on frozen section and definitive histopathology has been strongly associated with the absence of nodal metastases. As such, desmoplasia may have a crucial role in guiding surgical extent in the future. The aim of this study is to evaluate the correlation between desmoplasia and nodal involvement in unifocal sporadic MTC in our experience.


Recruitment information / eligibility

Status Completed
Enrollment 246
Est. completion date August 31, 2023
Est. primary completion date December 31, 2022
Accepts healthy volunteers No
Gender All
Age group 18 Years and older
Eligibility Inclusion Criteria: - All adults patients who underwent index procedure for sporadic unifocal MTC whose specimens were retrospectively re-evaluated by an expert endocrine pathologist (E.D.R.) for DSR were candidates for inclusion. Exclusion Criteria: - hereditary MTC - sporadic multifocal MTC - index operation in another center - incidental diagnosis of MCT after less than total thyroidectomy and bilateral central neck dissection - less than 6-months-follow-up - patients < 18 years old

Study Design


Locations

Country Name City State
Italy Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS Rome

Sponsors (1)

Lead Sponsor Collaborator
Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS

Country where clinical trial is conducted

Italy, 

Outcome

Type Measure Description Time frame Safety issue
Primary Risk factors for nodal metastases The primary endpoint of the study consists in the evaluation of risk factors for nodal metastases in patients with histopathologic report of medullary thryoid carcinoma January 1997-December 2022
Secondary Correlations between desmoplastic stromal reaction and nodal metastases The secondary endpoints consist in the evaluation of correlations between desmoplastic stromal reaction and nodal metastases and in the sensitivity, specificity, PPV and PNV of desmoplastic stromal reaction for nodal metastases in patients with histopathologic report of medullary thyroid carcinoma January 1997-December 2022
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