Safety of Local Dental Anesthesia in Patients With Cardiac Channelopathies

Long QT Syndrome Clinical Trial

— SLDAPCC  

Official title:

Safety of Local Dental Anesthesia in Patients With Cardiac Channelopathies

Clinical Trial Details — Status: Completed

Administrative data

• NCT number: NCT03182777
• Other study ID #: Odonto-Canalopatias
• Status: Completed
• Phase: N/A
• Start date: May 2015
• Est. completion date: August 2018

Study information

• Verified date: April 2024
• Source: University of Sao Paulo General Hospital
• Contact: n/a
• Is FDA regulated: No
• Study type: Interventional

Clinical Trial Summary

Patients with cardiac channelopathies needing restorative dental treatment will be included in two sessions of the study, using local dental anesthetic: lidocaine 2% with epinephrine and lidocaine 2% without vasoconstrictor. The safety of the use of two cartridges (3.6 mL) will be evaluated. The patients will be their own control and will be assessed by Holter monitoring for 28 hours, blood pressure measurement and anxiety measuring.

Description:

Patients of Heart Institute of the University of São Paulo with inherited cardiac channelopathies will be included, considering the criteria for inclusion and non-inclusion, after reading and signing the informed consent.

They will undergo dental restorative treatment in two sessions, in the morning period, with an interval of at least seven days (wash-out) between them, and the patients will be their own control.

In the first session, after randomization, patients will receive lidocaine 2% without vasoconstrictor (LSA) or lidocaine 2% with 1: 100,000 epinephrine (LCA) (cross-over), resulting in two conditions: with adrenaline and without adrenaline.

The randomization of the anesthetic solution will be performed by the main researcher, being blind to the performer researcher and to the patient.

The injected volume will be 3.6 mL (2 cartridges) of the anesthetic solution, using blocking technique of the inferior alveolar nerve.

The patients will be monitored by Holter for 28 hours starting one hour before the procedure, for registration and analysis of cardiac electrical activity during the two sessions. Blood pressure will be monitored with digital sphygmomanometer and anxiety will be measured with Facial Image Scale, both on three occasions: at the beginning of the baseline periods, before starting application of anesthesia and at the end of the proceedings. The results will be analyzed statistically.

Recruitment information / eligibility

• Status: Completed
• Enrollment: 31
• Est. completion date: August 2018
• Est. primary completion date: August 2018
• Accepts healthy volunteers: No
• Gender: All
• Age group: 6 Years and older

Eligibility

Inclusion Criteria:

• Patients with any channelopathies below, kept on optimal drug therapy, with or without ICD:

Brugada Syndrome, Long QT Syndrome and Catecholaminergic Polymorphic Ventricular Tachycardia

• Dental caries or unsatisfactory restorations in the mandible, indicating restorative dental treatment

Exclusion Criteria:

• Patients allergic to lidocaine

• Patients undergoing ICD therapy for less than three months

• Patients with recurrent syncope in the last three months

• Patients with sustained arrhythmias documented for less than 3 months

• Have received epinephrine in the last 24 hours

Related Conditions & MeSH terms

• Brugada Syndrome
• Channelopathies
• Long QT Syndrome
• Syndrome
• Tachycardia
• Ventricular, Tachycardia

Intervention

Procedure:
• Dental restorative procedure
Infiltration of two cartridges (3.6 mL) of local anesthetics with 2% lidocaine with or without epinephrine 1:100,000, in two sessions with an interval of seven days between them, in oral mucosa in patients with cardiac channelopathies.

Locations

Country	Name	City	State
Brazil	Heart Institute of Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo	São Paulo

Sponsors (2)

Lead Sponsor	Collaborator
University of Sao Paulo General Hospital	Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo

Country where clinical trial is conducted

Brazil, 

References & Publications (24)

Ackerman MJ, Khositseth A, Tester DJ, Hejlik JB, Shen WK, Porter CB. Epinephrine-induced QT interval prolongation: a gene-specific paradoxical response in congenital long QT syndrome. Mayo Clin Proc. 2002 May;77(5):413-21. doi: 10.4065/77.5.413. — View Citation

Amin AS, Asghari-Roodsari A, Tan HL. Cardiac sodium channelopathies. Pflugers Arch. 2010 Jul;460(2):223-37. doi: 10.1007/s00424-009-0761-0. Epub 2009 Nov 29. — View Citation

Brown RS, Rhodus NL. Epinephrine and local anesthesia revisited. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 2005 Oct;100(4):401-8. doi: 10.1016/j.tripleo.2005.05.074. No abstract available. — View Citation

Buchanan H, Niven N. Validation of a Facial Image Scale to assess child dental anxiety. Int J Paediatr Dent. 2002 Jan;12(1):47-52. — View Citation

Caceres MT, Ludovice AC, Brito FS, Darrieux FC, Neves RS, Scanavacca MI, Sosa EA, Hachul DT. Effect of local anesthetics with and without vasoconstrictor agent in patients with ventricular arrhythmias. Arq Bras Cardiol. 2008 Sep;91(3):128-33, 142-7. doi: 10.1590/s0066-782x2008001500002. English, Portuguese. — View Citation

Ernesto C, Cruz FE, Lima FS, Coutinho JL, Silva R, Urmenyi TP, Carvalho AC, Rondinelli E. Investigation of ion channel gene variants in patients with long QT syndrome. Arq Bras Cardiol. 2011 Mar;96(3):172-8. doi: 10.1590/s0066-782x2011005000015. Epub 2011 Feb 4. English, Portuguese, Spanish. — View Citation

Finder RL, Moore PA. Adverse drug reactions to local anesthesia. Dent Clin North Am. 2002 Oct;46(4):747-57, x. doi: 10.1016/s0011-8532(02)00018-6. — View Citation

Fujiki A, Nishida K, Mizumaki K, Nagasawa H, Shimono M, Inoue H. Spontaneous onset of torsade de pointes in long-QT syndrome and the role of sympathovagal imbalance. Jpn Circ J. 2001 Dec;65(12):1087-90. doi: 10.1253/jcj.65.1087. — View Citation

Goulet JP, Perusse R, Turcotte JY. Contraindications to vasoconstrictors in dentistry: Part III. Pharmacologic interactions. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol. 1992 Nov;74(5):692-7. doi: 10.1016/0030-4220(92)90367-y. — View Citation

Groban L, Deal DD, Vernon JC, James RL, Butterworth J. Ventricular arrhythmias with or without programmed electrical stimulation after incremental overdosage with lidocaine, bupivacaine, levobupivacaine, and ropivacaine. Anesth Analg. 2000 Nov;91(5):1103-11. doi: 10.1097/00000539-200011000-00011. — View Citation

Hersh EV, Giannakopoulos H. Beta-adrenergic blocking agents and dental vasoconstrictors. Dent Clin North Am. 2010 Oct;54(4):687-96. doi: 10.1016/j.cden.2010.06.009. — View Citation

Jowett NI, Cabot LB. Patients with cardiac disease: considerations for the dental practitioner. Br Dent J. 2000 Sep 23;189(6):297-302. doi: 10.1038/sj.bdj.4800750. — View Citation

Kauferstein S, Kiehne N, Neumann T, Pitschner HF, Bratzke H. Cardiac gene defects can cause sudden cardiac death in young people. Dtsch Arztebl Int. 2009 Jan;106(4):41-7. doi: 10.3238/arztebl.2009.0041. Epub 2009 Jan 23. — View Citation

Meyer JS, Mehdirad A, Salem BI, Kulikowska A, Kulikowski P. Sudden arrhythmia death syndrome: importance of the long QT syndrome. Am Fam Physician. 2003 Aug 1;68(3):483-8. Erratum In: Am Fam Physician. 2004 May 15;69(10):2324. — View Citation

Middlehurst RJ, Gibbs A, Walton G. Cardiovascular risk: the safety of local anesthesia, vasoconstrictors, and sedation in heart disease. Anesth Prog. 1999 Fall;46(4):118-23. — View Citation

Monteforte N, Napolitano C, Priori SG. Genetics and arrhythmias: diagnostic and prognostic applications. Rev Esp Cardiol (Engl Ed). 2012 Mar;65(3):278-86. doi: 10.1016/j.recesp.2011.10.008. Epub 2012 Jan 14. English, Spanish. — View Citation

Naftalin LW, Yagiela JA. Vasoconstrictors: indications and precautions. Dent Clin North Am. 2002 Oct;46(4):733-46, ix. doi: 10.1016/s0011-8532(02)00021-6. — View Citation

Neves RS, Neves IL, Giorgi DM, Grupi CJ, Cesar LA, Hueb W, Grinberg M. Effects of epinephrine in local dental anesthesia in patients with coronary artery disease. Arq Bras Cardiol. 2007 May;88(5):545-51. doi: 10.1590/s0066-782x2007000500008. English, Portuguese. — View Citation

Pallasch TJ. Vasoconstrictors and the heart. J Calif Dent Assoc. 1998 Sep;26(9):668-73, 676. — View Citation

Perusse R, Goulet JP, Turcotte JY. Contraindications to vasoconstrictors in dentistry: Part I. Cardiovascular diseases. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol. 1992 Nov;74(5):679-86. doi: 10.1016/0030-4220(92)90365-w. — View Citation

Rochford C, Seldin RD. Review and management of the dental patient with Long QT syndrome (LQTS). Anesth Prog. 2009 Summer;56(2):42-8. doi: 10.2344/0003-3006-56.2.42. — View Citation

Theodotou N, Cillo JE Jr. Brugada syndrome (sudden unexpected death syndrome): perioperative and anesthetic management in oral and maxillofacial surgery. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2009 Sep;67(9):2021-5. doi: 10.1016/j.joms.2009.04.043. No abstract available. — View Citation

Wynn RL. Articaine 4% with 1:200,000 epinephrine: an acceptable option for patients with long QT syndrome. Gen Dent. 2007 May-Jun;55(3):176-8. No abstract available. — View Citation

Yagiela JA. Adverse drug interactions in dental practice: interactions associated with vasoconstrictors. Part V of a series. J Am Dent Assoc. 1999 May;130(5):701-9. doi: 10.14219/jada.archive.1999.0280. — View Citation

* Note: There are 24 references in all — Click here to view all references

Outcome

Type	Measure	Description	Time frame	Safety issue
Primary	No sustained ventricular tachycardia	No life-threatening arrhythmias and clinical signs and symptoms	during dental procedures