Liver Transplant, Complications Clinical Trial
Official title:
Doppler Ultrasonography in Assessment of Graft Hemodynamics After Living-Donor Liver Transplantation in Al-Rajhi Liver Hospital
Graft ischemia after liver transplantation is associated with a high incidence of morbidity and mortality . The overall incidence of vascular complications in adults varies widely among transplant centers worldwide, but remains around 7% in various series of deceased donor liver transplantation (DDLT), and around 13% involving living donor liver transplantation (LDLT) Vascular complications include; hepatic artery thrombosis and stenosis, portal vein thrombosis and stenosis, caval and hepatic veins obstruction, arterial pseudo aneurysm. Biliary complications include; biliary leakage, stricture and obstruction .
Hepatic artery thrombosis (HAT) is the most severe and frequent complication represents more
than 50% of all arterial complications. Early HAT occurring within 1 month post-operation in
2.9%, and late HAT in 2.2%. The overall mortality rate for patients with early HAT is about
33% (13).
Hepatic arterial stenosis can occur immediately postoperative or later with an incidence of
1% to 2% and has been suggested to progress to HAT. This is due to surgical technique or
fibrotic healing (14).
Hepatic artery aneurysm or pseudoaneurysm is rare and has an incidence of 0.27-3%. They occur
in the second or third post-transplant week after infection caused by biliary sepsis,
intestinal perforation, anastomotic leak, or intrahepatic stenting, or technical failure .
Portal vein thrombosis (partial or complete) or stenosis has an incidence of 2-3%, it can
occur early postoperative within 1 month or more late. Early portal vein thrombosis can lead
to liver insufficiency and failure. Late presentation, depending on the collateral
circulation, can lead to portal hypertension with varices and ascites .
Currently, transplant outflow obstruction by kinking, stenosis or thrombosis of the inferior
vena cava (IVC) or hepatic vein, especially in LDLT, are relatively uncommon complications
following liver transplantation with an reported incidence of less than 3%. The main risk
factor is a technical error in the creation of the anastomosis Despite all the advances in
transplant patient care and surgical techniques, biliary complications remain high incidence
in living donor or split liver transplant. There are early and late complications, and there
are anastomotic, and nonanastomotic biliary complications, such as stones, sludge and casts .
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