View clinical trials related to Leg Length Inequality.
Filter by:Limb-length discrepancy can be due to many causes. These are divided into three groups: congenital (from birth), developmental (from a childhood disease or injury that slows or damages the growth plates), and posttraumatic (from a fracture that leads to shortening of the bone ends). There are three ways to equalize the limb-length discrepancy: use a shoe lift, shorten the long leg, lengthen the short leg. Most patients do not like wearing a lift greater than 2 cm (3/4 in). For discrepancies greater than 2 cm but less than 5 cm (2 in), shortening of the long leg can be considered, especially for tall persons. For growing children, this can be easily accomplished with a small, minimally invasive, uncomplicated procedure called epiphysiodesis.The investigators aim to evaluate if injection of bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells can shorten the treatment period by acceleration of bone regeneration during distraction osteogenesis.
People with anatomical leg length discrepancy (LLD) commonly presented excessive subtalar pronation of the long leg compared to their short leg in order to equalize leg length. Although such compensation may decrease the stress in the pelvis and/or low back region, the pronated foot may lead to excessive stress loading onto the ankle or foot, resulting in musculoskeletal injuries. Clinically, the pronated foot has been effectively controlled using functional orthoses with proper posting by adjusting the subtalar joint in the neutral position. But for people with compensatory pronated foot resulted from anatomical LLD, to control excessive pronation of the long leg would exaggerate their asymmetry in leg length. Instead, the pronated foot can be controlled simply by adjusting the length of the short leg. However, there is limited evidence of such intervention in previous literature. The purpose of this research project is going to determine the effect of leg length adjustment on pronation control in people with anatomical LLD. According to this purpose, 5 study objectives will be developed: 1) to examine the validity and reliability of LLD measurement using a hand-held laser distance meter, 2) to compare the foot types before and after leg length adjustment, 3) to compare the kinetic variables before and after leg length adjustment during quiet stance, 4) to compare the kinetic variables before and after leg length adjustment during level walking, and 5) to compare symptoms and functional levels related to low back pain (LBP) before and after leg length adjustment. The present research project will be designed as a convenience sampling, prospective, quasi-experimental, and pretest/posttest design. There will be 2 parts in this research: 1) validity and reliability test of laser measure for leg length and 2) foot morphology and kinetic analysis before and after leg length adjustment. For the first part of this research, 10 male adults and 20 adults will be recruited for the validity and reliability tests respectively. Anthropometric measurements, including body height, body weight, foot length, foot width, and heel-ball distance, will be measured after a consent form is signed. Participants of the validity test will receive standing pelvic radiography and laser measure to measure their leg length. Each participant of the reliability test will receive 2 sessions of laser measure using a hand-held laser-distance meter. For the first session, all laser measurements will be employed twice by 2 raters with a rest interval of more than 5 min. One week later, another session of laser measure will be given again by one of these 2 raters. Intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) will be used to test the interrater reliability, intrarater reliability, and validity of the laser measure method. Standard error of measurement (SEM), and small real difference (SRD) will be calculated to represented intrarater reliability also. For the second part of the research, another thirty adults with compensatory pronated foot resulted from LLD will be included in the research project but the sample size will be adjusted to the appropriate number according to power analysis. Each participant will be asked to fill out the visual analog scale (VAS) and the Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) and receive tests containing foot type examination, quiet stance with eye opening, quiet stance with eye closed, and level walking. All tests will be performed before and after leg length adjustment. The experiment will be completed after collecting 3 successful trials for each test. All procedures will be done one month later. ANOVA with repeated measures will be calculated to compare the differences in these variables among before, immediately after, and 1 month following leg length adjustment when the data fit the assumptions of normal distribution. Discrete variables or variables with non-normal distribution were tested using the Friedman test. All statistical analyses will be calculated using SAS 9.1.3. The significant level was set at α = 0.05 while the power was at 0.8. Five possible results may be expected from conducting this research project: 1) there will be good validity and reliability of the laser distance meter to measure LLD, 2) there will be significant differences in measurements of foot type before and after leg length adjustment, 3) there will be significant differences in kinetic data during quiet stance before and after leg length adjustment, 4) there will be significant differences in kinetic data during level walking before and after leg length adjustment, and 5) symptom and functional level related to LBP will improve after leg length adjustment. Completion of this research project will be projected to provide solid and objective evidences for leg length adjustment through views of morphology and kinetics in people with pronated foot due to anatomical LLD.
BACKGROUND: Distraction osteogenesis, the gradual lengthening of bones, is performed in order to equalize leg length discrepancy and correct skeletal deformities or to achieve greater height in short stature people. The femur and tibia are the bones most frequently lengthened. The surgery is currently performed at Hadassah Medical Center routinely by the pediatric orthopedic team utilizing a variety of external fixation devices. The procedure involves application of an external fixation device to the bone, creation of an osteotomy and gradual, controlled distraction of the bone fragments On the last week of the distraction phase and every month thereafter, patients will be provided with a monthly supply of gastrolith calcium in a sealed container (65 capsules of 500 mg each, provided by Amorphical). Starting on the first day of the last week of the distraction phase, during the entire consolidation phase until the external fixator is removed; adults will orally consume two (2) 500 mg capsules a day (total of 1 gr of gastrolith calcium). Children will be given 25 mg calcium per kg body weight up to the daily adult dose of 1000mg .
The surgery to correct leg & foot deformities in children is a lengthy, & sometimes, difficult procedure. Metal frames are attached to the leg and / or foot and over a period of time the frame is manipulated to obtain the corrected position. During this period the muscles & skin become very tight which causes pain & may pull the joint out of position. When this happens it is sometimes necessary to stop the treatment before the best position is obtained. This means that not only is the child left with an inadequate result but that further surgery is required in the future. If the tension could be removed whilst the treatment is underway this would reduce the pain, the possibility of joint damage & potentially allow a more satisfactory to be obtained without the need for further surgery. Botulinum toxin or Botox, as it is commonly called, has the potential to temporarily reduce the tension in the muscles without causing permanent damage.
The purposes of this study are to use motion analysis techniques to study the biomechanical interactions between the spine and the lower limbs in scoliosis patients with or without leg length discrepancy (LLD) during activity; to investigate the effects of correction of LLD: using foot orthosis on the functional scoliotic spinal curve and motion during functional activity; and to test whether idiopathic scoliosis without LLD can be improved by artificially creating a leg length discrepancy with a foot orthosis.