Immunosuppression Clinical Trial
Official title:
Treatment of Active Anterior Uveitis Associated With JIA, Using Humanized Anti-Tac (HAT, Daclizumab)
This study will examine the safety and effectiveness of a monoclonal antibody called
humanized anti-Tac (HAT, also called daclizumab) to treat children and adolescents with
uveitis (chronic inflammatory eye disease) associated with juvenile idiopathic arthritis
(JIA). Monoclonal antibodies are genetically engineered proteins made in large quantities
and directed against a specific target in the body. The HAT antibody is designed to prevent
a specific chemical interaction needed for immune cells to produce inflammation. Current
treatments for uveitis include steroids and immune-suppressing drugs. These treatments do
not always work or they may cause significant side effects. This study will determine
whether daclizumab can improve uveitis in children and reduce the need for other medicines.
Patients between 6 and 18 years of age with active non-infectious JIA-associated uveitis
requiring treatment with anti-inflammatory medications as often as three times a day or more
may be eligible for this study.
Each candidate is screened with a medical history, physical examination, blood tests, eye
examination, and the following specialized tests:
- Fluorescein angiography to evaluate the eye's blood vessels. A yellow dye is injected
into an arm vein and travels to the blood vessels in the eyes. Pictures of the retina
are taken using a camera that flashes a blue light into the eye. The pictures show if
any dye has leaked from the vessels into the retina, indicating the presence of
inflammation.
- Optical coherence tomography to measure retinal thickness. The eyes are examined
through a machine that produces cross-sectional pictures of the retina. These measures
are repeated during the study to determine changes, if any, in retinal thickening.
- Stereoscopic color fundus photography to examine the back of the eye. The pupils are
dilated with eye drops to examine and photograph the back of the eye.
Upon entering the study, participants receive a 90-minute infusion of daclizumab through a
catheter (plastic tube) placed in an arm vein. They return to the clinic after 14 days and
again after 28 days for repeat eye examinations, blood tests, and daclizumab infusions. Four
weeks after the third infusion, patients are examined for response to treatment. Those who
have benefited from daclizumab may continue receiving monthly infusions of the drug for up
to one year. A blood test and eye examination are done at the time of each infusion.
Patients whose disease has remained active 12 weeks after the first infusion are taken off
the study and treated with other medications.
Pediatric uveitis represents 5-10 % of all patients with uveitis. Uveitis refers to
intraocular inflammatory diseases. The most common type of non-infectious pediatric uveitis,
associated with a systemic disease, is JIA-associated chronic, anterior uveitis. Therapeutic
considerations for pediatric uveitis are often very challenging. Current therapeutic
modalities include corticosteroids and other immunosuppressive agents. These modalities are
not always effective at controlling the disease. In addition they can also be associated
with a higher rate of ocular side effects. To further add to this challenge, pediatric
uveitis has a higher rate of ocular complications, even with the current therapies.
Consequently, an effective treatment with a safer side effect profile is highly desirable.
Daclizumab is a humanized monoclonal antibody directed against the high affinity
interleukin-2 (IL-2) receptor CD25 or Tac subunit. The IL-2 receptor system plays a central
role in mediating immune responses. Blocking this system impedes immune responses and can
inhibit local inflammatory responses, including uveitis. Pilot studies using intravenous or
subcutaneous daclizumab treatments suggest that daclizumab treatments at 2 mg/kg every 2-4
weeks for quiescent uveitis may effectively replace the other immunosuppressive medications
in a majority of cases.
Because we have little experience using daclizumab for active uveitis in a pediatric
population, this feasibility study will enroll seven study participants that would normally
be treated with systemic, high-dose corticosteroids or other cytotoxic, systemic
immunosuppressive medications. Since daclizumab for other indications can be tolerated with
repeated dosing at 8-10 mg/kg, we will administer daclizumab to reach high serum levels with
a pair of doses at 8 mg/kg and 4 mg/kg two weeks apart. The primary objective of this study
is to collect preliminary information on the utility of acute daclizumab therapy on active
ocular inflammation in a pediatric population. The primary outcome is resolution of active
disease defined as a two step reduction in the anterior chamber cell scale from baseline.
Safety assessment will be made at 28 days and efficacy assessment at 8 weeks after the
initial daclizumab injection. Secondary outcomes will include fluorescein retinal vascular
leakage, cystoid macular edema, vitreous haze and visual acuity. In addition all adverse
events will be collected regardless of possible relation to daclizumab. Participants who do
not meet the safety end point at day 28 will be permitted to continue IV daclizumab
maintenance treatments beginning at Day 28 with 2 mg/kg every 4 weeks. An efficacy
assessment will be made at 8 weeks, and patients who show a 2 step reduction in their
intraocular inflammation, and has not met the safety end point, will continue daclizumab
treatment with 2mg/kg every 4 weeks for a total of 52 weeks in the study. At any time during
the follow-up period, if a participant loses greater than 3 lines of visual acuity from
baseline study, or meet the safety end point, treatments will be discontinued.
The primary objective of this feasibility study is to gain preliminary information regarding
the safety and possible efficacy of daclizumab to treat active uveitis, associated with JIA.
The primary focus of this feasibility study is a short or acute response trial to relatively
high-dose daclizumab infusions to observe if the anterior cell and flare associate with
active JIA-associated uveitis can be promptly reduced. In order to qualify for enrollment,
each participant must meet all of the inclusion criteria and not meet any of the exclusion
criteria. This study will enroll seven participants at the National Eye Institute (NEI) who
currently have active JIA-associated active uveitis. Enrollment is expected to take
approximately three months. The two induction treatments will be completed within 14 days,
with the primary safety evaluation at Day 14 and Day 28 and primary efficacy assessment at
12 weeks. An induction regimen of intravenous (IV) daclizumab at 8 mg/kg is given on Day 0
followed by another IV dose of 4 mg/kg at Day 14, provided the safety endpoint has not been
met.
An efficacy assessment will be made at 12 weeks, and patients who show a 2-step reduction in
their intraocular inflammation, and has not met the safety endpoint, will continue with
daclizumab therapy. Meeting the safety failure criterion or having a serious adverse affect
attributable to the daclizumab therapy will be cause for termination from further daclizumab
study treatments. Continuing follow-up and standard-of-care alternative treatments with a
potentially reduced visit schedule will be provided through the duration of the trial if
daclizumab treatments are suspended. After the trial, participants may seek other
standard-of-care treatments from their own physician or ophthalmologist or they may be
eligible to enroll in other research trials if these are available.
Participants who show a 2-step reduction in their ocular inflammation or a decrease to
inactivity, without serious adverse events, will have the option to receive extended
treatments of 2 mg/kg IV daclizumab treatments at 4-week intervals, beginning day 28, for up
to a total of 52 weeks in the study.
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